Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Epistle to the Philippians, Chapter 1ΠΡΟΣ ΦΙΛΙΠΠΗΣΙΟΥΣ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Παῦλος καὶ Τιμόθεος δοῦλοι Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ πᾶσιν τοῖς ἁγίοις ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Φιλίπποις σὺν ἐπισκόποις καὶ διακόνοις·

Paul and Timothy, slaves of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are at Philippi, with the overseers and deacons:

Letter openingasyndetonThe epistolary superscription: senders (Paul and Timothy as slaves, not 'apostle' — a warm, collegial letter) and addressees (all the saints at Philippi, uniquely 'with overseers and deacons').
ΠαῦλοςPaulNominativesubject (nominative of superscription)Παῦλος: the apostle's Roman cognomen; the Greek letter-opening names the sender first.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΤιμόθεοςTimothyNominativesubject (coordinate)Τιμόθεος: 'honoring God'; Paul's coworker, joined as co-sender — though the letter speaks throughout in Paul's first-person singular.
δοῦλοιslavesNominativeapposition to the sendersδοῦλος: bondservant, slave — total belonging to a master; notably Paul omits 'apostle' here, a mark of the letter's intimacy.
Χριστοῦof ChristGenitivegenitive of possession (ownership)Χριστός: 'Anointed,' the Messiah; here functionally a name-title for Jesus.
ἸησοῦJesusGenitivegenitive in apposition to Χριστοῦ
πᾶσινto allDativeindirect object (addressees)πᾶς: 'all'; the recurrent 'all' of the letter (vv.4, 7, 8) — Paul embraces the whole congregation.
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἁγίοιςsaintsDativesubstantival adjective (addressees)ἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; set-apart ones — covenant-people language now applied to the church.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/union)
ΧριστῷChristDativedat. of sphere (union with Christ)the 'in Christ' formula — the locus of their sainthood is union with him.
ἸησοῦJesusDativeapposition
τοῖςthoseDativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
οὖσινwho arePres Act Ptc · Dat Pl Masc · εἰμίsubstantival participle (locating the saints)→ stative present
ἐνatpreposition + dative (place)
ΦιλίπποιςPhilippiDativedat. of placeΦίλιπποι: Philippi, a Roman colony in Macedonia; the first European church Paul founded (Acts 16).
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (accompaniment)
ἐπισκόποιςoverseersDativeobject of σύν (accompaniment)ἐπίσκοπος: 'overseer, guardian' (ἐπί + σκοπέω, 'watch over'); the only Pauline letter-opening to name local officers.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διακόνοιςdeaconsDativeobject of σύν (coordinate)διάκονος: 'servant, minister'; here an emerging office of service — perhaps tied to the church's gift to Paul (4:18).
2

χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.

Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

GreetingasyndetonThe grace-and-peace blessing closing the salutation — Paul's reshaping of the conventional Greek greeting, naming Father and Lord together as one source.
χάριςgraceNominativesubject (nom. in greeting formula)χάρις: 'grace'; Paul reshapes the Greek χαίρειν greeting into 'grace.'
ὑμῖνto youDativedat. of recipient
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰρήνηpeaceNominativesubject (coordinate)εἰρήνη: 'peace'; the Hebrew šālôm — wholeness/well-being, the second half of the doubled blessing.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source)
πατρὸςFatherGenitiveapposition to θεοῦπατήρ: 'Father'; the relational name for God shared by Father and people.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
κυρίουthe LordGenitiveobject of ἀπό (coordinate source)κύριος: 'Lord'; Father and Lord set in parallel as one source of grace and peace.
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveapposition
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition
3

Εὐχαριστῶ τῷ θεῷ μου ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν

I thank my God upon every remembrance of you,

ThanksgivingasyndetonThe thanksgiving period opens (vv.3–11 are one long sentence): gratitude to God prompted by every memory of the Philippians.
ΕὐχαριστῶI thankPres Act Indic 1 Sg · εὐχαριστέωmain verb→ customary presentεὐχαριστέω: 'give thanks'; the standard verb opening a Pauline thanksgiving period.
τῷtheDativearticle
θεῷGodDativeindirect object (recipient of thanks)
μουmyGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἐπὶuponpreposition + dative (occasion/cause)
πάσῃeveryDativeattributive adjective
τῇtheDativearticle
μνείᾳremembranceDativeobject of ἐπί (occasion)μνεία: 'remembrance, mention'; 'every remembrance of you' — possibly subjective ('your every remembrance of me') but the objective sense is more common.
ὑμῶνof youGenitiveobjective genitive
4

πάντοτε ἐν πάσῃ δεήσει μου ὑπὲρ πάντων ὑμῶν μετὰ χαρᾶς τὴν δέησιν ποιούμενος,

always in every prayer of mine for you all making my prayer with joy,

Manner of thanksgivingasyndetonAn adverbial participle qualifying the thanksgiving — every prayer for them all is offered with joy, the keynote of the letter.
πάντοτεalwaysadverb (frequency)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/occasion)
πάσῃeveryDativeattributive adjective
δεήσειprayer/petitionDativedat. of occasionδέησις: 'entreaty, petition'; prayer arising from need, narrower than the general προσευχή.
μουof mineGenitivegenitive of possession
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (on behalf of)
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective
ὑμῶνof youGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment/manner)
χαρᾶςjoyGenitiveobject of μετά (manner)χαρά: 'joy'; the dominant note of Philippians — prayer offered gladly, not as burden.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
δέησινprayerAccusativedirect object (cognate w/ ποιούμενος)δέησις: the cognate object of ποιούμενος — 'making the prayer,' an idiom for praying.
ποιούμενοςmakingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ποιέωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (concurrent)ποιέω (mid.): in the idiom δέησιν ποιοῦμαι, 'I make petition' — i.e. I pray.
5

ἐπὶ τῇ κοινωνίᾳ ὑμῶν εἰς τὸ εὐαγγέλιον ἀπὸ τῆς πρώτης ἡμέρας ἄχρι τοῦ νῦν,

for your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now,

Ground of thanksgivingasyndetonThe specific reason for the joyful thanks: their unbroken partnership in the gospel — the gift, the labor, the shared cause — from the start to the present.
ἐπὶforpreposition + dative (cause/basis)
τῇtheDativearticle
κοινωνίᾳpartnership/fellowshipDativeobject of ἐπί (cause of thanks)κοινωνία: 'sharing, partnership, participation'; a Philippian keyword — active co-investment in the gospel cause, not mere sentiment.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivesubjective genitive
εἰςin/forpreposition + accusative (goal/reference)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
εὐαγγέλιονgospelAccusativeobject of εἰς (the focus of the partnership)εὐαγγέλιον: 'good news'; the gospel as the shared enterprise toward which the partnership is directed.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (temporal start)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
πρώτηςfirstGenitiveattributive adjectiveπρῶτος: 'first'; the 'first day' = the founding of the church (Acts 16).
ἡμέραςdayGenitiveobject of ἀπό (temporal point)ἡμέρα: 'day'; 'from the first day' marks the long continuity of their support.
ἄχριuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal end)ἄχρι: 'up to, until'; marks the terminus of the continuous span.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle (substantizes adverb)
νῦνnowGenitivesubstantized adverb (object of ἄχρι)νῦν: 'now'; τοῦ νῦν, 'the present' — the partnership remains unbroken.
6

πεποιθὼς αὐτὸ τοῦτο, ὅτι ὁ ἐναρξάμενος ἐν ὑμῖν ἔργον ἀγαθὸν ἐπιτελέσει ἄχρι ἡμέρας Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ·

being confident of this very thing, that he who began a good work in you will bring it to completion until the day of Christ Jesus;

Ground of confidenceasyndetonAn adverbial participle giving the basis of Paul's joy: assurance that God, the initiator of the good work, will perfect it — their perseverance rests on his fidelity.
πεποιθὼςbeing confidentPerf Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πείθωadverbial ptc. (cause)→ intensive perfect (settled conviction)πείθω (perf. 'be persuaded, be confident'); the perfect denotes a fixed, present state of assurance.
αὐτὸthis veryAccusativeintensive pronoun (w/ τοῦτο)
τοῦτοthingAccusativedirect object (cataphoric to ὅτι)
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of confidence)
the (one)Nominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐναρξάμενοςwho beganAor Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἐνάρχομαιsubstantival participle (subject = God)→ constative aoristἐνάρχομαι: 'begin, make a beginning' (ἐν + ἄρχομαι); paired with ἐπιτελέω, possibly cultic language ('inaugurate … consummate').
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ὑμῖνyouDativedat. of sphere (locus of the work)
ἔργονworkAccusativedirect object (of both ptc. and verb)ἔργον: 'work, deed'; the divine work of salvation/sanctification begun among them.
ἀγαθὸνgoodAccusativeattributive adjectiveἀγαθός: 'good'; the work is intrinsically good because it is God's.
ἐπιτελέσειwill completeFut Act Indic 3 Sg · ἐπιτελέωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ predictive futureἐπιτελέω: 'bring to completion, perfect' (ἐπί-intensive of τελέω); God will see his project through.
ἄχριuntilpreposition + genitive (temporal end)
ἡμέραςthe dayGenitiveobject of ἄχρι (eschatological terminus)ἡμέρα: 'day'; 'the day of Christ' = the parousia, the completion-point of God's work.
Χριστοῦof ChristGenitivegenitive (the day belonging to Christ)
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveapposition
7

καθώς ἐστιν δίκαιον ἐμοὶ τοῦτο φρονεῖν ὑπὲρ πάντων ὑμῶν, διὰ τὸ ἔχειν με ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ ὑμᾶς, ἔν τε τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου καὶ ἐν τῇ ἀπολογίᾳ καὶ βεβαιώσει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου συγκοινωνούς μου τῆς χάριτος πάντας ὑμᾶς ὄντας.

just as it is right for me to think this of you all, because I have you in my heart, since both in my bonds and in the defense and confirmation of the gospel you all are partakers with me of grace.

Justification of his confidenceκαθώςPaul defends the fittingness of his confident affection: he holds them in his heart, for they are co-sharers of grace with him both in his imprisonment and in his gospel defense.
καθώςjust ascomparative/causal conjunction
ἐστινit isPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
δίκαιονrightNominativepredicate adjectiveδίκαιος: 'right, just, fitting'; Paul's warm regard is not mere feeling but appropriate.
ἐμοὶfor meDativedat. of reference/advantage
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of φρονεῖν
φρονεῖνto think/feelPres Act Inf · φρονέωepexegetical infinitive (of δίκαιον)→ customary presentφρονέω: 'set the mind on, be disposed'; a Philippian keyword (2:2, 5; 4:2) — a mindset, not bare cognition.
ὑπὲρof/concerningpreposition + genitive (reference)
πάντωνallGenitiveattributive adjective
ὑμῶνof youGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
διὰbecausepreposition + accusative + articular inf. (cause)διὰ τό + inf.: a causal construction, 'because.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizes inf.)
ἔχεινto havePres Act Inf · ἔχωarticular infinitive (cause)→ customary presentἔχω: 'have, hold'; the clause may read 'because I hold you in my heart' or, less likely, 'because you hold me in your heart.'
μεIAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τῇtheDativearticle
καρδίᾳheartDativedat. of place (figurative)καρδία: 'heart'; the seat of affection and will — Paul's whole inner self embraces them.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of ἔχειν
ἔνinpreposition + dative (circumstance)
τεbothparticle (τε … καί, 'both … and')
τοῖςtheDativearticle
δεσμοῖςbonds/imprisonmentDativedat. of circumstanceδεσμός: 'bond, fetter'; Paul's imprisonment, a recurring theme of the chapter (vv.13, 14, 17).
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (answering τε)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (circumstance)
τῇtheDativearticle
ἀπολογίᾳdefenseDativedat. of circumstanceἀπολογία: 'defense' (legal term, cf. 'apology'); Paul's vindication of the gospel before his accusers.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
βεβαιώσειconfirmationDativedat. of circumstanceβεβαίωσις: 'confirmation, establishing' (legal/commercial term for a guarantee); the positive establishing of the gospel's truth.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitiveobjective genitive (defended/confirmed)
συγκοινωνούςfellow-partakersAccusativepredicate accusative (complement of ὄντας)συγκοινωνός: 'joint-partaker' (σύν + κοινωνός); they share with Paul in the grace of his ministry and trials.
μουwith meGenitivegenitive of association
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
χάριτοςgraceGenitivegenitive (of that which is shared)χάρις: 'grace'; here the gracious privilege of partnership in suffering and gospel labor.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative subject of ὄντας
ὄνταςbeingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · εἰμίparticiple (in indirect statement after ἔχειν construction)→ stative present
8

μάρτυς γάρ μου ὁ θεός, ὡς ἐπιποθῶ πάντας ὑμᾶς ἐν σπλάγχνοις Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ.

For God is my witness, how I long for you all with the affection of Christ Jesus.

Oath confirming his affectionγάρPaul calls God to witness — an oath substantiating the depth of his yearning, felt with the very tenderness of Christ himself.
μάρτυςwitnessNominativepredicate nominativeμάρτυς: 'witness'; Paul invokes God as guarantor — a solemn oath formula.
γάρforexplanatory conjunction
μουmyGenitivegenitive (possession/objective)
theNominativearticle
θεόςGodNominativesubject
ὡςhowconjunction (content of the oath)
ἐπιποθῶI long forPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἐπιποθέωmain verb→ customary presentἐπιποθέω: 'long for, yearn' (ἐπί-intensive of ποθέω); strong affectionate desire.
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)
σπλάγχνοιςaffection/heartDativedat. of mannerσπλάγχνα: lit. 'inward parts, bowels'; the seat of deep affection — 'the heartfelt compassion of Christ.'
Χριστοῦof ChristGenitivegenitive of source/possessionthe love Paul feels is Christ's own affection at work in him.
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveapposition
9

καὶ τοῦτο προσεύχομαι, ἵνα ἡ ἀγάπη ὑμῶν ἔτι μᾶλλον καὶ μᾶλλον περισσεύῃ ἐν ἐπιγνώσει καὶ πάσῃ αἰσθήσει,

And this I pray, that your love may abound still more and more in knowledge and all discernment,

Content of the prayerκαὶThe intercession resumes the main line: the petition proper — that their love grow ever more, informed by knowledge and moral discernment.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (resumptive)
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of προσεύχομαι (cataphoric to ἵνα)
προσεύχομαιI prayPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · προσεύχομαιmain verb→ customary presentπροσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the general verb for prayer, here introducing the petition's content.
ἵναthatconjunction (content/object clause)ἵνα: here introducing the content of the prayer rather than strict purpose.
theNominativearticle
ἀγάπηloveNominativesubjectἀγάπη: 'love'; the self-giving love that is to grow — its objects unspecified (God and one another).
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἔτιstilladverb (degree)
μᾶλλονmoreadverb (comparative)μᾶλλον … καὶ μᾶλλον: 'more and more' — a piled-up expression of unlimited growth.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μᾶλλονmoreadverb (comparative, repeated)
περισσεύῃmay aboundPres Act Subj 3 Sg · περισσεύωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ present (ongoing increase)περισσεύω: 'abound, overflow, increase'; love is to overflow ever more abundantly.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/means)
ἐπιγνώσειknowledgeDativedat. of sphere/meansἐπίγνωσις: 'full knowledge, recognition' (ἐπί-intensive of γνῶσις); love guided by true, deepening knowledge of God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
αἰσθήσειdiscernment/insightDativedat. of sphere/meansαἴσθησις: 'perception, moral discernment'; the practiced faculty of perceiving what truly matters (only here in the NT).
10

εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τὰ διαφέροντα, ἵνα ἦτε εἰλικρινεῖς καὶ ἀπρόσκοποι εἰς ἡμέραν Χριστοῦ,

so that you may approve the things that are excellent, that you may be pure and blameless for the day of Christ,

Purpose of abounding loveεἰς τὸThe aim of the discerning love: to test and approve what is best, issuing in purity and blamelessness held until Christ's day.
εἰςso thatpreposition + articular inf. (purpose)εἰς τό + inf.: a purpose construction, 'in order that.'
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizes inf.)
δοκιμάζεινto approve/testPres Act Inf · δοκιμάζωarticular infinitive (purpose)→ customary presentδοκιμάζω: 'test, approve after testing' (of assaying metals); to examine and endorse the genuine.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
διαφέρονταthat are excellentPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Neut · διαφέρωsubstantival participle (object of δοκιμάζειν)→ present (ongoing quality)διαφέρω: 'differ, surpass, be of value'; τὰ διαφέροντα = 'the things that matter / are superior.'
ἵναthatconjunction (purpose)
ἦτεyou may bePres Act Subj 2 Pl · εἰμίsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ stative present
εἰλικρινεῖςpure/sincereNominativepredicate adjectiveεἰλικρινής: 'pure, unmixed' (perhaps 'tested by sunlight' or 'sifted'); moral transparency without alloy.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπρόσκοποιblamelessNominativepredicate adjectiveἀπρόσκοπος: 'without stumbling, giving no offense' (ἀ- + προσκόπτω); causing no one to stumble, or oneself not stumbling.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (temporal goal)
ἡμέρανthe dayAccusativeobject of εἰς (eschatological terminus)ἡμέρα: 'day'; the day of Christ (v.6) as the deadline for this blamelessness.
Χριστοῦof ChristGenitivegenitive (the day belonging to Christ)
11

πεπληρωμένοι καρπὸν δικαιοσύνης τὸν διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ εἰς δόξαν καὶ ἔπαινον θεοῦ.

having been filled with the fruit of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God.

Result/state of blamelessnessasyndetonThe participle describes the condition in which they reach Christ's day: filled with righteousness's fruit through Christ — and all of it terminating in God's glory.
πεπληρωμένοιhaving been filledPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πληρόωadverbial ptc. (manner/attendant circumstance)→ intensive perfect (resulting state)πληρόω: 'fill, fulfill'; the perfect marks a completed filling that abides — they stand full of righteous fruit.
καρπὸνfruitAccusativeaccusative of content (w/ passive 'filled')καρπός: 'fruit'; the harvest of righteous deeds and character produced by a right standing.
δικαιοσύνηςof righteousnessGenitivegenitive (source or apposition)δικαιοσύνη: 'righteousness'; either the fruit that righteousness yields or the fruit which is righteousness.
τὸνthat (which is)Accusativearticle (attributive, w/ prep. phrase)
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (agency/means)
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveobject of διά (agent)the fruit is produced through Christ's mediation, not human effort.
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal/result)
δόξανgloryAccusativeobject of εἰς (ultimate aim)δόξα: 'glory, honor'; the final goal of all spiritual fruit is God's glory.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔπαινονpraiseAccusativeobject of εἰς (coordinate)ἔπαινος: 'praise, commendation'; paired with glory — the doxological climax of the prayer.
θεοῦof GodGenitiveobjective genitive (God praised)
12

Γινώσκειν δὲ ὑμᾶς βούλομαι, ἀδελφοί, ὅτι τὰ κατ' ἐμὲ μᾶλλον εἰς προκοπὴν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου ἐλήλυθεν,

Now I want you to know, brothers, that my circumstances have turned out rather for the advance of the gospel,

Transition to Paul's circumstancesδὲA disclosure formula opens the letter's body: contrary to fears, Paul's imprisonment has actually furthered the gospel's progress.
Γινώσκεινto knowPres Act Inf · γινώσκωinfinitive (object of βούλομαι)→ customary presentγινώσκω: 'know, come to know'; fronted for emphasis — 'I want you to know.'
δὲnowtransitional conjunction
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeaccusative subject of the infinitive
βούλομαιI wantPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · βούλομαιmain verb→ customary presentβούλομαι: 'wish, want, intend'; a disclosure formula ('I want you to know').
ἀδελφοίbrothersVocativevocative of direct addressἀδελφός: 'brother'; the family address marking a new turn in the letter.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content clause)
τὰthe thingsNominativearticle (substantizes phrase) — subject
κατ'concerningpreposition + accusative (reference)τὰ κατ' ἐμέ: an idiom, 'my affairs / circumstances.'
ἐμὲmeAccusativeobject of κατά
μᾶλλονratheradverb (contrary to expectation)μᾶλλον: 'rather, more'; the surprise — imprisonment helped rather than hindered.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (result)
προκοπὴνadvance/progressAccusativeobject of εἰς (result)προκοπή: 'progress, advancement' (a military/pioneering term for cutting a way forward); the gospel's forward movement.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitiveobjective genitive (what advances)
ἐλήλυθενhas turned out/comePerf Act Indic 3 Sg · ἔρχομαιmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ intensive perfect (abiding result)ἔρχομαι: 'come, go'; idiomatic with εἰς, 'has resulted in' — the perfect stresses the standing outcome.
13

ὥστε τοὺς δεσμούς μου φανεροὺς ἐν Χριστῷ γενέσθαι ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ καὶ τοῖς λοιποῖς πᾶσιν,

so that it has become known throughout the whole praetorium, and to all the rest, that my bonds are in Christ,

Result (first proof of advance)ὥστεThe first evidence of the advance: Paul's chains are recognized as suffered for Christ's sake, known throughout the imperial guard and beyond.
ὥστεso thatconjunction + inf. (actual result)ὥστε: 'so that'; introduces the actual result of the gospel's advance.
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
δεσμούςbondsAccusativeaccusative subject of γενέσθαιδεσμός: 'bond, fetter'; Paul's imprisonment, now interpreted by its cause.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
φανεροὺςmanifest/knownAccusativepredicate accusative (complement)φανερός: 'visible, manifest, evident'; the bonds 'have become manifest as in Christ.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/cause)
ΧριστῷChristDativedat. of sphere (the reason for the bonds)'in Christ' — his imprisonment is recognized as for Christ's sake, not common crime.
γενέσθαιto becomeAor Mid Inf · γίνομαιinfinitive (result, after ὥστε)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become, come to be'; the bonds have come to be seen for what they truly are.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
ὅλῳwholeDativeattributive adjective
τῷtheDativearticle
πραιτωρίῳpraetoriumDativedat. of placeπραιτώριον: a Latin loanword; either the praetorian (imperial) guard or the governor's residence — the soldiers who guarded Paul.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῖςtheDativearticle
λοιποῖςrestDativesubstantival adjective (dat. of reference)λοιπός: 'remaining, rest'; everyone else beyond the guard.
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjective
14

καὶ τοὺς πλείονας τῶν ἀδελφῶν ἐν κυρίῳ πεποιθότας τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου περισσοτέρως τολμᾶν ἀφόβως τὸν λόγον λαλεῖν.

and that most of the brothers, having become confident in the Lord by my bonds, are much more bold to speak the word fearlessly.

Result (second proof of advance)καὶThe second effect: Paul's imprisonment has emboldened the majority of believers to proclaim the word all the more fearlessly.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (continues ὥστε)
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
πλείοναςmost/the majorityAccusativeaccusative subject of τολμᾶνπλείων: 'more, greater number'; οἱ πλείονες = 'the majority' of the brothers.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἀδελφῶνbrothersGenitivepartitive genitiveἀδελφός: 'brother'; fellow believers.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
κυρίῳthe LordDativedat. of sphere (object of confidence)'in the Lord' modifies their confidence — their new boldness rests in him, occasioned by Paul's chains.
πεποιθόταςhaving become confidentPerf Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · πείθωadverbial ptc. (cause/attendant)→ intensive perfect (settled confidence)πείθω (perf. 'be confident'); their assurance is a fixed state, strengthened by Paul's example.
τοῖςby theDativearticle
δεσμοῖςbondsDativedat. of cause/meansδεσμός: 'bond'; Paul's imprisonment is the means that bred their boldness.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
περισσοτέρωςmuch moreadverb (comparative degree)περισσοτέρως: 'all the more, abundantly more'; their boldness has notably increased.
τολμᾶνto be bold/darePres Act Inf · τολμάωinfinitive (result, w/ γενέσθαι understood)→ customary presentτολμάω: 'dare, have courage'; the courage to risk speaking openly.
ἀφόβωςfearlesslyadverb (manner)ἀφόβως: 'without fear' (ἀ- + φόβος); a foretaste of the 'unafraid' of v.28.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativeobject of λαλεῖνλόγος: 'word'; here the gospel message (some witnesses add 'of God').
λαλεῖνto speakPres Act Inf · λαλέωepexegetical infinitive (of τολμᾶν)→ customary presentλαλέω: 'speak, utter'; specifies the daring — open proclamation.
15

τινὲς μὲν καὶ διὰ φθόνον καὶ ἔριν, τινὲς δὲ καὶ δι' εὐδοκίαν τὸν Χριστὸν κηρύσσουσιν·

Some indeed preach Christ even out of envy and rivalry, but others out of goodwill.

Two motives among the preachersasyndetonPaul distinguishes the emboldened preachers by motive: some from envy and rivalry, others from goodwill — a μέν … δέ contrast.
τινὲςsomeNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
μὲνindeedparticle (μέν … δέ contrast)
καὶevenadverbial (ascensive)
διὰout ofpreposition + accusative (cause/motive)
φθόνονenvyAccusativeobject of διά (motive)φθόνος: 'envy, jealousy'; ill-will toward Paul's standing.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἔρινrivalry/strifeAccusativeobject of διά (coordinate)ἔρις: 'strife, contention, rivalry'; quarrelsome partisanship.
τινὲςsome/othersNominativesubject (indefinite pronoun)
δὲbutparticle (answering μέν)
καὶalsoadverbial conjunction
δι'out ofpreposition + accusative (cause/motive)
εὐδοκίανgoodwillAccusativeobject of διά (motive)εὐδοκία: 'good pleasure, goodwill'; a kindly disposition toward Paul and the gospel.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΧριστὸνChristAccusativeobject of κηρύσσουσινΧριστός: 'Christ'; the content of all the preaching, whatever the motive.
κηρύσσουσινthey preachPres Act Indic 3 Pl · κηρύσσωmain verb (governs both groups)→ customary presentκηρύσσω: 'proclaim, herald'; the public announcement of Christ.
16

οἱ μὲν ἐξ ἀγάπης, εἰδότες ὅτι εἰς ἀπολογίαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου κεῖμαι,

The latter do so out of love, knowing that I am put here for the defense of the gospel;

Motive of the well-disposedοἱ μὲνExpanding the goodwill group: they act from love, recognizing Paul's God-given appointment to defend the gospel.
οἱthe (former-mentioned)Nominativearticle as pronoun (subject)οἱ μέν: 'the latter' — those of goodwill (v.15b), now described first by chiasmus.
μὲνindeedparticle (μέν … δέ contrast w/ v.17)
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source/motive)
ἀγάπηςloveGenitiveobject of ἐκ (motive)ἀγάπη: 'love'; love for Paul and for the gospel cause.
εἰδότεςknowingPerf Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · οἶδαadverbial ptc. (cause)→ intensive perfect (οἶδα as present 'know')οἶδα: 'know'; the perfect functions as present — they perceive Paul's true situation.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of knowing)
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)
ἀπολογίανdefenseAccusativeobject of εἰς (purpose)ἀπολογία: 'defense'; Paul's appointed task of vindicating the gospel.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitiveobjective genitive
κεῖμαιI am appointed/setPres Mid Indic 1 Sg · κεῖμαιmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ stative presentκεῖμαι: 'lie, be laid, be appointed'; here 'I am set/destined' — perhaps with a nuance of his confinement.
17

οἱ δὲ ἐξ ἐριθείας τὸν Χριστὸν καταγγέλλουσιν, οὐχ ἁγνῶς, οἰόμενοι θλῖψιν ἐγείρειν τοῖς δεσμοῖς μου.

but the former proclaim Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely, thinking to stir up affliction in my bonds.

Motive of the rivalsοἱ δὲThe contrasting group: they preach from selfish ambition, insincerely, supposing they can add to Paul's distress in prison.
οἱthe (others)Nominativearticle as pronoun (subject)οἱ δέ: 'the former' — those of envy (v.15a).
δὲbutparticle (answering μέν of v.16)
ἐξout ofpreposition + genitive (source/motive)
ἐριθείαςselfish ambitionGenitiveobject of ἐκ (motive)ἐριθεία: 'selfish ambition, partisan rivalry' (perhaps from 'hireling' work); self-seeking factionalism.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
ΧριστὸνChristAccusativeobject of καταγγέλλουσιν
καταγγέλλουσινthey proclaimPres Act Indic 3 Pl · καταγγέλλωmain verb→ customary presentκαταγγέλλω: 'proclaim, announce' (κατά intensive); even the rivals genuinely proclaim Christ.
οὐχnotnegative particle
ἁγνῶςsincerely/purelyadverb (manner)ἁγνῶς: 'purely, with pure motives' (from ἁγνός); their preaching, though true, is not pure in intent.
οἰόμενοιthinking/supposingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · οἴομαιadverbial ptc. (manner/cause)→ present (concurrent)οἴομαι: 'suppose, imagine'; often of mistaken opinion — they wrongly think to harm Paul.
θλῖψινafflictionAccusativeobject of ἐγείρεινθλῖψις: 'tribulation, pressure, distress'; lit. 'a pressing.'
ἐγείρεινto stir up/raisePres Act Inf · ἐγείρωcomplementary infinitive (of οἰόμενοι)→ customary presentἐγείρω: 'raise, rouse'; here to provoke or aggravate trouble.
τοῖςin theDativearticle
δεσμοῖςbondsDativedat. of disadvantage/placeδεσμός: 'bond'; they hope to make his imprisonment more painful.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
18

τί γάρ; πλὴν ὅτι παντὶ τρόπῳ, εἴτε προφάσει εἴτε ἀληθείᾳ, Χριστὸς καταγγέλλεται, καὶ ἐν τούτῳ χαίρω. ἀλλὰ καὶ χαρήσομαι,

What then? Only that in every way, whether in pretense or in truth, Christ is proclaimed; and in this I rejoice. Yes, and I will rejoice,

Paul's resolution: joy regardlessasyndetonPaul resolves the matter on the main line: whatever the motive, Christ is preached — and that alone is cause for present and continuing joy.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (elliptical question)τί γάρ;: 'what then?' — a rhetorical question dismissing the issue of motive.
γάρthenconjunction (in rhetorical question)
πλὴνonly/neverthelessadversative particle (sets aside the issue)πλήν: 'except, only, nevertheless'; brushes aside the question of motive.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content)
παντὶeveryDativeattributive adjective
τρόπῳway/mannerDativedat. of mannerτρόπος: 'way, manner'; 'in every way' Christ is being preached.
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction
προφάσειin pretenseDativedat. of mannerπρόφασις: 'pretext, pretense'; an outward show masking the real motive.
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
ἀληθείᾳin truthDativedat. of mannerἀλήθεια: 'truth, sincerity'; genuine motive — the opposite of pretense.
ΧριστὸςChristNominativesubject
καταγγέλλεταιis proclaimedPres Pass Indic 3 Sg · καταγγέλλωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ present (ongoing)καταγγέλλω: 'proclaim'; the one fact that matters to Paul — Christ announced.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (cause/sphere)
τούτῳthisDativeobject of ἐν (ground of joy)
χαίρωI rejoicePres Act Indic 1 Sg · χαίρωmain verb→ customary presentχαίρω: 'rejoice'; the leitmotif verb of Philippians — joy independent of circumstance.
ἀλλὰyes, andadversative/intensifying conjunctionἀλλά: here intensifying — 'indeed, what is more.'
καὶalsoadverbial conjunction
χαρήσομαιI will rejoiceFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · χαίρωmain verb (deponent future)→ predictive futureχαίρω (fut. χαρήσομαι): the joy will continue — a bridge to vv.19ff.
19

οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι τοῦτό μοι ἀποβήσεται εἰς σωτηρίαν διὰ τῆς ὑμῶν δεήσεως καὶ ἐπιχορηγίας τοῦ πνεύματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ,

for I know that this will turn out for my deliverance through your prayer and the supply of the Spirit of Jesus Christ,

Ground of future joyγάρWhy he will keep rejoicing: he knows his situation will issue in his 'salvation,' through their prayer and the Spirit's provision (echoing Job 13:16 LXX).
οἶδαI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ intensive perfect (οἶδα as present 'know')οἶδα: 'know'; settled certainty grounds his confidence.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of knowing)
τοῦτόthisNominativesubject (his present circumstances)
μοιfor meDativedat. of advantage
ἀποβήσεταιwill turn out/resultFut Mid Indic 3 Sg · ἀποβαίνωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ predictive futureἀποβαίνω: 'go away, turn out, result' (lit. 'step off,' e.g. from a boat); 'will eventuate in.'
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (result/goal)
σωτηρίανdeliverance/salvationAccusativeobject of εἰς (result)σωτηρία: 'salvation, deliverance'; either his vindication/release or his ultimate salvation — the words echo Job 13:16 LXX exactly.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (in attributive position)
δεήσεωςprayerGenitiveobject of διά (means)δέησις: 'petition'; their intercession is one means of his deliverance.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπιχορηγίαςsupply/provisionGenitiveobject of διά (coordinate means)ἐπιχορηγία: 'supply, support' (from the χορηγός who funded a chorus); generous provision.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
πνεύματοςSpiritGenitivegenitive (subjective: the Spirit supplies; or objective)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; 'the Spirit of Jesus Christ' — the Spirit who supplies, or the supply that is the Spirit.
Ἰησοῦof JesusGenitivegenitive of relationship
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition
20

κατὰ τὴν ἀποκαραδοκίαν καὶ ἐλπίδα μου ὅτι ἐν οὐδενὶ αἰσχυνθήσομαι, ἀλλ' ἐν πάσῃ παρρησίᾳ ὡς πάντοτε καὶ νῦν μεγαλυνθήσεται Χριστὸς ἐν τῷ σώματί μου, εἴτε διὰ ζωῆς εἴτε διὰ θανάτου.

according to my eager expectation and hope that I will be ashamed in nothing, but with all boldness, as always, so now also Christ will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death.

Content of his hopeκατὰThe deliverance accords with Paul's deepest hope: that he never be shamed but that Christ be exalted in his body, come life or death.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/norm)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἀποκαραδοκίανeager expectationAccusativeobject of κατά (norm)ἀποκαραδοκία: 'eager longing' (lit. craning the head to watch); intense, straining anticipation (cf. Rom 8:19).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐλπίδαhopeAccusativeobject of κατά (coordinate)ἐλπίς: 'hope'; confident expectation, not mere wish.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of the hope)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (reference)
οὐδενὶnothingDativedat. of reference (object of ἐν)οὐδείς: 'no one, nothing'; 'in nothing' will he be shamed.
αἰσχυνθήσομαιI will be ashamedFut Pass Indic 1 Sg · αἰσχύνωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ predictive futureαἰσχύνω: 'shame, put to shame'; passive 'be ashamed/disgraced' — confidence of vindication (cf. Job 13:16; Isa 50:7).
ἀλλ'butadversative conjunction
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (manner)
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
παρρησίᾳboldnessDativedat. of mannerπαρρησία: 'boldness, frankness' (lit. 'all-speech'); fearless openness — fitting his readiness to face death.
ὡςascomparative conjunction
πάντοτεalwaysadverb (time)
καὶso alsoadverbial conjunction (correlative)
νῦνnowadverb (time)
μεγαλυνθήσεταιwill be magnifiedFut Pass Indic 3 Sg · μεγαλύνωmain verb→ predictive futureμεγαλύνω: 'make great, magnify, exalt'; Paul's one ambition — that Christ be made great through him.
ΧριστὸςChristNominativesubject
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/instrument)
τῷtheDativearticle
σώματίbodyDativedat. of sphere (the arena of magnifying)σῶμα: 'body'; Paul's physical life — whether kept alive or martyred — is the stage for Christ's exaltation.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means)
ζωῆςlifeGenitiveobject of διά (means)ζωή: 'life'; continued earthly life as one possible means.
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
διὰbypreposition + genitive (means)
θανάτουdeathGenitiveobject of διά (means)θάνατος: 'death'; martyrdom as the alternative means — either way Christ is glorified.
21

ἐμοὶ γὰρ τὸ ζῆν Χριστὸς καὶ τὸ ἀποθανεῖν κέρδος.

For to me to live is Christ, and to die is gain.

Ground / the great maximγάρThe famous epigram grounding the prior verse: for Paul, living means Christ, and dying means gain — both alternatives are pure profit.
ἐμοὶto meDativedat. of reference (emphatic, fronted)the emphatic 'for me' personalizes the maxim — this is Paul's own valuation.
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes inf.)
ζῆνto livePres Act Inf · ζάωarticular infinitive as subject→ customary present (ongoing life)ζάω: 'live'; the articular infinitive 'the living' — the act and substance of his life.
ΧριστὸςChristNominativepredicate nominativeΧριστός: Christ himself is the sum and meaning of Paul's life.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes inf.)
ἀποθανεῖνto dieAor Act Inf · ἀποθνῄσκωarticular infinitive as subject→ constative aorist (the event of dying)ἀποθνῄσκω: 'die'; the aorist views death as the single event of departure.
κέρδοςgainNominativepredicate nominativeκέρδος: 'gain, profit' (commercial); death is profit — it brings Paul into Christ's presence (v.23).
22

εἰ δὲ τὸ ζῆν ἐν σαρκί, τοῦτό μοι καρπὸς ἔργου, καὶ τί αἱρήσομαι οὐ γνωρίζω.

But if I am to go on living in the flesh, this means fruitful labor for me; and what I shall choose I do not know.

The dilemma beginsδὲPaul weighs the first horn: continued life means fruitful ministry — yet which to prefer he genuinely cannot tell.
εἰifconditional conjunction
δὲbuttransitional/contrastive conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes inf.)
ζῆνto livePres Act Inf · ζάωarticular infinitive (subject of elided 'is')→ customary presentζάω: 'live'; 'living in the flesh' = continued bodily existence.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
σαρκίfleshDativedat. of sphere (bodily life)σάρξ: 'flesh'; here neutral — earthly, embodied existence, not the ethical 'flesh.'
τοῦτόthisNominativesubject (resumptive)
μοιfor meDativedat. of advantage
καρπὸςfruitNominativepredicate nominativeκαρπός: 'fruit'; the productive harvest of ongoing ministry.
ἔργουof laborGenitivegenitive (source/apposition: 'fruitful labor')ἔργον: 'work, labor'; 'fruit of labor' = fruit-bearing toil for the gospel.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τίwhatAccusativeinterrogative pronoun (object of αἱρήσομαι)
αἱρήσομαιI shall chooseFut Mid Indic 1 Sg · αἱρέωmain verb (indirect question)→ deliberative futureαἱρέω (mid. 'choose, prefer'); the deliberation between life and death.
οὐnotnegative particle
γνωρίζωI do (not) know/make knownPres Act Indic 1 Sg · γνωρίζωmain verb→ stative presentγνωρίζω: 'make known, declare'; here 'I do not declare / cannot say' — he leaves the choice open.
23

συνέχομαι δὲ ἐκ τῶν δύο, τὴν ἐπιθυμίαν ἔχων εἰς τὸ ἀναλῦσαι καὶ σὺν Χριστῷ εἶναι, πολλῷ γὰρ μᾶλλον κρεῖσσον·

I am hard pressed between the two, having the desire to depart and be with Christ, for that is far better;

The tension statedδὲPaul is squeezed between the two options; his personal longing is to depart and be with Christ — incomparably the better lot.
συνέχομαιI am hard pressedPres Pass Indic 1 Sg · συνέχωmain verb→ present (ongoing state)συνέχω: 'hold together, press hard, hem in'; passive 'I am hemmed in / under pressure' from both sides.
δὲnowtransitional conjunction
ἐκbetween/frompreposition + genitive (source of pressure)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
δύοtwoGenitiveobject of ἐκ (the two options)δύο: 'two'; the two alternatives — living and dying.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐπιθυμίανdesireAccusativeobject of ἔχωνἐπιθυμία: 'desire, longing'; here a holy yearning (the word is morally neutral in itself).
ἔχωνhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔχωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ present (concurrent)ἔχω: 'have, hold'; expressing Paul's inner inclination.
εἰςtopreposition + articular inf. (direction of desire)
τὸtheAccusativearticle (substantizes inf.)
ἀναλῦσαιto departAor Act Inf · ἀναλύωarticular infinitive (content of desire)→ constative aoristἀναλύω: 'loose, depart' (a sailor weighing anchor or a soldier striking camp); a gentle euphemism for death.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
σὺνwithpreposition + dative (association)
ΧριστῷChristDativeobject of σύν (association)the goal of departing — immediate fellowship with Christ ('with Christ').
εἶναιto bePres Act Inf · εἰμίarticular infinitive (coordinate w/ ἀναλῦσαι)→ stative present
πολλῷby much/farDativedat. of degree of differenceπολύς: 'much'; πολλῷ μᾶλλον = 'by far, much more.'
γὰρforexplanatory conjunction
μᾶλλονmoreadverb (comparative)
κρεῖσσονbetterNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)κρείσσων: 'better, more advantageous'; departing to Christ is the superior good — a double comparative for intensity.
24

τὸ δὲ ἐπιμένειν ἐν τῇ σαρκὶ ἀναγκαιότερον δι' ὑμᾶς.

but to remain in the flesh is more necessary on your account.

The counterweightδὲThe other horn: though departure is better for Paul, his remaining is the more needful — for their sake.
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes inf.)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
ἐπιμένεινto remainPres Act Inf · ἐπιμένωarticular infinitive as subject→ customary present (continued staying)ἐπιμένω: 'remain, continue, stay on' (ἐπί-intensive of μένω); to go on living.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
σαρκὶfleshDativedat. of sphere (bodily life)σάρξ: 'flesh'; again neutral, bodily existence.
ἀναγκαιότερονmore necessaryNominativepredicate adjective (comparative)ἀναγκαῖος: 'necessary'; the comparative weighs their need against his own preference.
δι'on account ofpreposition + accusative (cause)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of διά (cause)their welfare is the decisive consideration — pastoral love over personal gain.
25

καὶ τοῦτο πεποιθὼς οἶδα ὅτι μενῶ καὶ παραμενῶ πᾶσιν ὑμῖν εἰς τὴν ὑμῶν προκοπὴν καὶ χαρὰν τῆς πίστεως,

And being convinced of this, I know that I will remain and continue with you all, for your progress and joy in the faith,

Paul's settled expectationκαὶHis pastoral logic yields a conviction: he will stay on with them all, to advance their progress and joy in faith.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of πεποιθώς
πεποιθὼςbeing convincedPerf Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πείθωadverbial ptc. (cause/manner)→ intensive perfect (settled conviction)πείθω (perf. 'be confident'); the same conviction-word as v.6, now of his own survival.
οἶδαI knowPerf Act Indic 1 Sg · οἶδαmain verb→ intensive perfect (οἶδα as present 'know')οἶδα: 'know'; settled assurance, here of his expected release.
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of knowing)
μενῶI will remainFut Act Indic 1 Sg · μένωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ predictive futureμένω: 'remain, abide'; he will go on living.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
παραμενῶI will continue withFut Act Indic 1 Sg · παραμένωmain verb (coordinate)→ predictive futureπαραμένω: 'remain alongside, continue with' (παρά-intensive); to stay by their side — a wordplay on μενῶ.
πᾶσινallDativeattributive adjective
ὑμῖνyouDativedat. of association (w/ παραμενῶ)
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (purpose)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (attributive position)
προκοπὴνprogressAccusativeobject of εἰς (purpose)προκοπή: 'progress, advancement'; the same word as v.12 — now their spiritual advance is the goal.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
χαρὰνjoyAccusativeobject of εἰς (coordinate)χαρά: 'joy'; the recurring keynote — their joy in faith.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
πίστεωςfaithGenitivegenitive (sphere/source of progress and joy)πίστις: 'faith'; the faith governs both the progress and the joy.
26

ἵνα τὸ καύχημα ὑμῶν περισσεύῃ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ ἐν ἐμοὶ διὰ τῆς ἐμῆς παρουσίας πάλιν πρὸς ὑμᾶς.

so that your boasting may abound in Christ Jesus on my account, through my coming to you again.

Ultimate purpose of remainingἵναThe further aim: that through Paul's renewed presence their exultation in Christ may overflow — joy centered in Christ, occasioned by Paul.
ἵναso thatconjunction (purpose)
τὸtheNominativearticle
καύχημαboasting/exultationNominativesubjectκαύχημα: 'ground of boasting, exultation'; the object/matter of their glad boasting, here in Christ.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
περισσεύῃmay aboundPres Act Subj 3 Sg · περισσεύωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ present (ongoing increase)περισσεύω: 'abound, overflow'; the same verb as v.9 — abundance again the goal.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
ΧριστῷChristDativedat. of sphere (the object/ground of boasting)their boasting is 'in Christ' — he is its true ground.
ἸησοῦJesusDativeapposition
ἐνin/on account ofpreposition + dative (reference)
ἐμοὶmeDativedat. of reference (occasion of boasting)Paul is the occasion, Christ the ground, of their exultation.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ἐμῆςmyGenitivepossessive adjective
παρουσίαςcoming/presenceGenitiveobject of διά (means)παρουσία: 'presence, arrival, coming' (the common term for a royal visit); here Paul's hoped-for return.
πάλινagainadverb (repetition)
πρὸςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of πρός
27

Μόνον ἀξίως τοῦ εὐαγγελίου τοῦ Χριστοῦ πολιτεύεσθε, ἵνα εἴτε ἐλθὼν καὶ ἰδὼν ὑμᾶς εἴτε ἀπὼν ἀκούω τὰ περὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι στήκετε ἐν ἑνὶ πνεύματι, μιᾷ ψυχῇ συναθλοῦντες τῇ πίστει τοῦ εὐαγγελίου,

Only conduct yourselves worthily of the gospel of Christ, so that whether I come and see you or am absent, I may hear of you that you are standing firm in one spirit, with one mind striving together for the faith of the gospel,

The central exhortationΜόνονThe hinge command of the chapter: live as worthy citizens of the gospel, so that — present or absent — Paul hears they stand firm and strive as one for the faith.
Μόνονonlyadverb (restrictive emphasis)μόνον: 'only'; whatever happens to Paul, this one thing is required of them.
ἀξίωςworthilyadverb (manner)ἀξίως: 'worthily, in a manner befitting'; their conduct is to match the gospel's worth.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitivegenitive (standard, w/ ἀξίως)εὐαγγέλιον: 'gospel'; the measure of worthy conduct.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveobjective genitive (gospel about Christ)
πολιτεύεσθεconduct yourselves as citizensPres Mid Impv 2 Pl · πολιτεύομαιmain verb (imperative)→ customary present (ongoing conduct)πολιτεύομαι: 'live as a citizen, conduct one's public life'; pointed in a Roman colony — be citizens of heaven's commonwealth (cf. 3:20).
ἵναso thatconjunction (purpose)
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction
ἐλθὼνcomingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἔρχομαιadverbial ptc. (condition/temporal)→ constative aorist (antecedent)ἔρχομαι: 'come'; the case of Paul's coming.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἰδὼνseeingAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ὁράωadverbial ptc. (temporal)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; the seeing that the coming entails.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of ἰδών
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
ἀπὼνbeing absentPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἄπειμιadverbial ptc. (condition)→ present (concurrent)ἄπειμι: 'be away, be absent' (ἀπό + εἰμί); the alternative case.
ἀκούωI may hearPres Act Subj 1 Sg · ἀκούωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ present (ongoing)ἀκούω: 'hear'; in either case he wants the same report.
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantizes phrase) — object
περὶconcerningpreposition + genitive (reference)τὰ περὶ ὑμῶν: 'the things about you,' your situation.
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of περί
ὅτιthatconjunction (content of the report)
στήκετεyou stand firmPres Act Indic 2 Pl · στήκωmain verb (ὅτι clause)→ customary present (settled stance)στήκω: 'stand firm, stand fast' (a late present formed from the perfect of ἵστημι); steadfast immovability.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/manner)
ἑνὶoneDativeattributive adjectiveεἷς: 'one'; their unity is the manner of their standing.
πνεύματιspiritDativedat. of manner/sphereπνεῦμα: 'spirit'; either the Holy Spirit or their common disposition — 'in one spirit.'
μιᾷoneDativeattributive adjective
ψυχῇmind/soulDativedat. of mannerψυχή: 'soul, life, mind'; 'with one soul' — wholehearted, united resolve.
συναθλοῦντεςstriving togetherPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · συναθλέωadverbial ptc. (manner, attendant on στήκετε)→ present (ongoing)συναθλέω: 'contend/struggle together' (σύν + ἀθλέω, of athletes); a team straining side by side in contest.
τῇfor theDativearticle
πίστειfaithDativedat. of advantage (or instrument)πίστις: 'faith'; the faith of the gospel as the cause they contend for — 'for the faith.'
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitivegenitive (source/apposition of the faith)
28

καὶ μὴ πτυρόμενοι ἐν μηδενὶ ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντικειμένων, ἥτις ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς ἔνδειξις ἀπωλείας, ὑμῶν δὲ σωτηρίας, καὶ τοῦτο ἀπὸ θεοῦ·

and not frightened in anything by your opponents — which is a sign of destruction for them, but of your salvation, and that from God.

Fearlessness as a signκαὶA further mark of worthy conduct: fearlessness under opposition — itself an omen of the adversaries' ruin and the believers' salvation, all of it God's doing.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative particle (w/ ptc.)
πτυρόμενοιfrightenedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · πτύρωadverbial ptc. (manner, parallel to συναθλοῦντες)→ present (ongoing)πτύρω: 'frighten, startle, terrify' (used of horses shying); 'not being intimidated.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (reference)
μηδενὶanythingDativedat. of reference (object of ἐν)μηδείς: 'no one, nothing'; 'in nothing' — by no threat whatever.
ὑπὸbypreposition + genitive (agency)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἀντικειμένωνopponentsPres Mid Ptc · Gen Pl Masc · ἀντίκειμαιsubstantival ptc. (genitive of agency)→ present (ongoing)ἀντίκειμαι: 'lie opposite, oppose, be an adversary'; οἱ ἀντικείμενοι = 'the adversaries.'
ἥτιςwhichNominativerelative pronoun (referring to the whole stance)ἥτις: indefinite relative; 'a thing which' — the fearless steadfastness as a whole.
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (rel. clause, copula)→ stative present
αὐτοῖςto themDativedat. of reference/disadvantage
ἔνδειξιςsign/proofNominativepredicate nominativeἔνδειξις: 'demonstration, evidence, token'; a pointer to the outcome of each party.
ἀπωλείαςof destructionGenitiveobjective genitive (what the sign indicates)ἀπώλεια: 'destruction, ruin, perdition'; the adversaries' doom.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (contrastive)
δὲbutcontrastive conjunction
σωτηρίαςof salvationGenitiveobjective genitive (contrasting outcome)σωτηρία: 'salvation'; the believers' deliverance — the opposite destiny.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τοῦτοthisNominativesubject (resumptive, of elided 'is')'and this from God' — the whole pattern of sign-and-salvation is God's gift.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source)
29

ὅτι ὑμῖν ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ, οὐ μόνον τὸ εἰς αὐτὸν πιστεύειν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ πάσχειν,

because it has been granted to you on behalf of Christ not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for his sake,

Ground: suffering is a giftὅτιWhy fearlessness befits them: their suffering for Christ is, like their faith, a gracious gift — not a calamity but a granted privilege.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ὑμῖνto youDativedat. of advantage (recipient of the gift)
ἐχαρίσθηit has been grantedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · χαρίζομαιmain verb→ constative aoristχαρίζομαι: 'give graciously, grant as a favor' (from χάρις); suffering is framed as a gracious gift.
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes the prep. phrase/infinitives)
ὑπὲρon behalf ofpreposition + genitive (for the sake of)τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ: 'the matter on Christ's behalf' — the privilege done for him, unfolded by the two infinitives.
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
οὐnotnegative particle (οὐ μόνον … ἀλλὰ καί)
μόνονonlyadverb (in 'not only … but also')
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes inf.)
εἰςinpreposition + accusative (object of faith)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of εἰς
πιστεύεινto believePres Act Inf · πιστεύωarticular infinitive (epexegetical of the gift)→ customary presentπιστεύω: 'believe, trust'; πιστεύειν εἰς, 'to believe into / put faith in' — the first granted privilege.
ἀλλὰbutadversative conjunction
καὶalsoadverbial conjunction
τὸtheNominativearticle (substantizes inf.)
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (for the sake of)
αὐτοῦhis sakeGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
πάσχεινto sufferPres Act Inf · πάσχωarticular infinitive (epexegetical, coordinate)→ customary presentπάσχω: 'suffer, experience'; the second granted privilege — suffering for Christ as a gift of grace.
30

τὸν αὐτὸν ἀγῶνα ἔχοντες οἷον εἴδετε ἐν ἐμοὶ καὶ νῦν ἀκούετε ἐν ἐμοί.

having the same conflict which you saw in me and now hear to be in me.

Solidarity in sufferingasyndetonA closing participle binding their suffering to Paul's: they wage the very same struggle they once witnessed in him and still hear of — shared conflict, shared grace.
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
αὐτὸνsameAccusativeidentifying adjectiveὁ αὐτός: 'the same'; their struggle is identical in kind to Paul's.
ἀγῶναconflict/struggleAccusativeobject of ἔχοντεςἀγών: 'contest, struggle' (athletic/military, cf. 'agony'); the spiritual contest of faith under opposition.
ἔχοντεςhavingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἔχωadverbial ptc. (attendant circumstance)→ present (ongoing)ἔχω: 'have, hold'; they bear the same conflict — linking back to στήκετε (v.27).
οἷονwhich/such asAccusativerelative pronoun (correlative of quality)οἷος: 'of what sort, such as'; 'the same conflict, of the kind which …'
εἴδετεyou sawAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ὁράωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristὁράω: 'see'; they witnessed Paul's struggle firsthand at Philippi (Acts 16).
ἐνinpreposition + dative (reference)
ἐμοὶmeDativeobject of ἐν
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
νῦνnowadverb (time)
ἀκούετεyou hearPres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (rel. clause)→ customary presentἀκούω: 'hear'; they now hear of his present imprisonment and trial.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (reference)
ἐμοίmeDativeobject of ἐν