Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Epistle to the Colossians, Chapter 1ΠΡΟΣ ΚΟΛΟΣΣΑΕΙΣ Α′

Each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note (its connective, relation, and role in the argument). Below follows the word-by-word breakdown in six tiers: gloss, case (color), parsing, syntax, semantic force, and a lexical note.

Case Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Vocative Verb (no case) Indeclinable

Discourse notes head each verse: relation · connective · clause-flow. Indentation marks prominence — flush-left = main line of argument; indented = supporting / subordinate material.

1

Παῦλος ἀπόστολος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ διὰ θελήματος θεοῦ καὶ Τιμόθεος ὁ ἀδελφὸς

Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, and Timothy the brother,

Letter openingasyndetonThe epistolary superscription: the sender named and his apostleship grounded in God's will, with Timothy joined as co-sender.
ΠαῦλοςPaulNominativesubject (nominative of superscription)Παῦλος: the apostle's Roman cognomen; the Greek letter-opening names the sender first.
ἀπόστολοςapostleNominativeapposition to Παῦλοςἀπόστολος: 'one sent,' commissioned envoy; from ἀποστέλλω (send with authority).
Χριστοῦof ChristGenitivegenitive of subordination/possessionΧριστός: 'Anointed,' the Messiah; here functionally a name-title for Jesus.
ἸησοῦJesusGenitivegenitive in apposition to Χριστοῦ
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means/agency)
θελήματοςwillGenitiveobject of διά (means)θέλημα: 'will, purpose'; Paul's apostleship rests on God's sovereign will, not human appointment.
θεοῦof GodGenitivegenitive of source/authorθεός: God; the origin of the will that constitutes the apostolate.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ΤιμόθεοςTimothyNominativesubject (co-sender)Τιμόθεος: 'honoring God'; Paul's co-worker, joined as co-sender though not co-author.
theNominativearticle
ἀδελφὸςbrotherNominativeapposition to Τιμόθεοςἀδελφός: 'brother'; here the Christian fraternal title rather than physical kinship.
2

τοῖς ἐν Κολοσσαῖς ἁγίοις καὶ πιστοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ἐν Χριστῷ· χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν.

to the holy and faithful brothers in Christ at Colossae: grace to you and peace from God our Father.

Address & greetingasyndetonThe addressees named — saints and faithful brothers 'in Christ' at Colossae — and the grace-and-peace blessing from the Father.
τοῖςto theDativearticle (with addressees)
ἐνin/atpreposition + dative (place)
ΚολοσσαῖςColossaeDativedat. of placeΚολοσσαί: a town in the Lycus valley of Phrygia (Asia Minor), near Laodicea and Hierapolis.
ἁγίοιςholy onesDativesubstantival adj. (addressees)ἅγιος: 'holy, set apart'; covenant-people language now applied to the church.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
πιστοῖςfaithfulDativeattributive adjectiveπιστός: 'faithful, believing'; both their trust and their fidelity.
ἀδελφοῖςbrothersDativeapposition (addressees)ἀδελφός: 'brother'; the familial term for fellow believers.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/union)
ΧριστῷChristDativedat. of sphere (incorporation in Christ)Χριστός: the locus of their identity — the characteristic Pauline 'in Christ.'
χάριςgraceNominativesubject (nom. in greeting formula)χάρις: 'grace'; Paul reshapes the Greek χαίρειν greeting into 'grace.'
ὑμῖνto youDativedat. of recipient
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰρήνηpeaceNominativesubject (coordinate)εἰρήνη: 'peace'; the Hebrew šālôm — wholeness/well-being.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
θεοῦGodGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source)
πατρὸςFatherGenitiveapposition to θεοῦπατήρ: 'Father'; the relational name for God shared by Father and people.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship
3

Εὐχαριστοῦμεν τῷ θεῷ πατρὶ τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ πάντοτε περὶ ὑμῶν προσευχόμενοι,

We give thanks to God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, always praying for you,

ThanksgivingasyndetonThe thanksgiving period opens: constant gratitude to the Father, voiced within Paul's continual prayer for them.
Εὐχαριστοῦμενwe give thanksPres Act Indic 1 Pl · εὐχαριστέωmain verb→ customary presentεὐχαριστέω: 'give thanks'; the standard verb opening a Pauline thanksgiving period (plural with Timothy).
τῷto theDativearticle
θεῷGodDativeindirect object (recipient of thanks)
πατρὶFatherDativeapposition to θεῷπατήρ: 'Father'; God defined relationally as Father of the Lord Jesus.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivegenitive of relationshipκύριος: 'Lord'; the LXX rendering of YHWH, confessed of Jesus.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship
ἸησοῦJesusGenitiveapposition to κυρίου
ΧριστοῦChristGenitiveapposition
πάντοτεalwaysadverb (frequency)πάντοτε: 'always'; the constancy of the apostolic thanksgiving and prayer.
περὶforpreposition + genitive (reference)
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of περί
προσευχόμενοιprayingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προσεύχομαιadverbial ptc. (temporal/attendant)→ present (concurrent)προσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the thanksgiving arises within the act of praying for them.
4

ἀκούσαντες τὴν πίστιν ὑμῶν ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀγάπην ἣν ἔχετε εἰς πάντας τοὺς ἁγίους

having heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and the love that you have for all the saints,

Ground of thanksgivingasyndetonThe cause of the thanksgiving: a report of their faith in Christ and love toward all the saints — the first two of the triad.
ἀκούσαντεςhaving heardAor Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · ἀκούωcausal/temporal participle→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; the report (through Epaphras) that prompted the thanksgiving.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
πίστινfaithAccusativedirect object (of ἀκούσαντες)πίστις: 'faith, trust'; their reliance on Christ — first of the faith-love-hope triad.
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/object)
ΧριστῷChristDativedat. of sphere (object of faith)the sphere in which their faith lives — faith 'in Christ Jesus.'
ἸησοῦJesusDativeapposition
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἀγάπηνloveAccusativedirect object (of ἀκούσαντες)ἀγάπη: 'love'; self-giving care — the second member of the triad, directed to fellow saints.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of ἔχετε)
ἔχετεyou havePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἔχωmain verb (rel. clause)→ customary presentἔχω: 'have, hold'; the love they continually exercise.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (direction/goal)
πάνταςallAccusativeattributive adjective
τοὺςtheAccusativearticle
ἁγίουςsaintsAccusativeobject of εἰς (recipients of love)ἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; the set-apart people — the scope of their love is all of them.
5

διὰ τὴν ἐλπίδα τὴν ἀποκειμένην ὑμῖν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς, ἣν προηκούσατε ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῆς ἀληθείας τοῦ εὐαγγελίου

because of the hope laid up for you in the heavens, which you heard of before in the word of the truth of the gospel,

Ground of faith and loveδιὰThe third member, hope, is the root: faith and love spring from the hope reserved in heaven, already heard in the gospel word.
διὰbecause ofpreposition + accusative (cause)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐλπίδαhopeAccusativeobject of διά (cause)ἐλπίς: 'hope'; here objective — the hoped-for inheritance; the ground of faith and love (third of the triad).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἀποκειμένηνlaid up/reservedPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἀπόκειμαιattributive participle→ stative presentἀπόκειμαι: 'be laid away, reserved'; of treasure stored up and kept secure.
ὑμῖνfor youDativedat. of advantage
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativedat. of placeοὐρανός: 'heaven'; the secure, beyond-reach location of the reserved hope.
ἣνwhichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of προηκούσατε)
προηκούσατεyou heard beforeAor Act Indic 2 Pl · προακούωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristπροακούω: 'hear beforehand' (προ- + ἀκούω); they heard of this hope when first evangelized.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/means)
τῷtheDativearticle
λόγῳwordDativedat. of means/sphereλόγος: 'word, message'; the proclaimed gospel-word that conveyed the hope.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ἀληθείαςtruthGenitiveattributive/epexegetical genitiveἀλήθεια: 'truth'; the gospel-word characterized by truth (vs. the false teaching threatening Colossae).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitivegenitive of apposition (the truth = the gospel)εὐαγγέλιον: 'good news'; 'the word of the truth, namely the gospel.'
6

τοῦ παρόντος εἰς ὑμᾶς, καθὼς καὶ ἐν παντὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἐστὶν καρποφορούμενον καὶ αὐξανόμενον καθὼς καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν, ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσατε καὶ ἐπέγνωτε τὴν χάριν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ·

which has come to you, just as in all the world it is bearing fruit and growing, as it also does among you, from the day you heard and came to know the grace of God in truth,

Worldwide reach of the gospelasyndetonThe gospel that reached them is the same one fruitful worldwide — a quiet polemic: the universal, growing message, not the local novelty of the false teachers.
τοῦwhichGenitivearticle (substantizes ptc.; rel. to εὐαγγελίου)
παρόντοςbeing present/having comePres Act Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · πάρειμιattributive participle→ stative presentπάρειμι: 'be present, have arrived' (παρά + εἰμί); the gospel has reached and remains with them.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (direction)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of εἰς
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunction
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
παντὶallDativeattributive adjective
τῷtheDativearticle
κόσμῳworldDativedat. of placeκόσμος: 'world'; the inhabited world — the gospel's universal spread.
ἐστὶνisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίauxiliary (periphrastic w/ ptcs.)→ stative present
καρποφορούμενονbearing fruitPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · καρποφορέωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἐστίν)→ present (ongoing)καρποφορέω: 'bear fruit' (καρπός + φέρω); the middle voice may stress the gospel's self-propagating fruitfulness.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐξανόμενονgrowingPres Pass Ptc · Nom Sg Neut · αὐξάνωperiphrastic participle (w/ ἐστίν)→ present (ongoing)αὐξάνω: 'grow, increase'; together with καρποφορέω, an echo of Gen 1:28 / creation language applied to the gospel.
καθὼςascomparative conjunction
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (sphere)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of ἐν
ἀφ'frompreposition + genitive (temporal source)
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (w/ ἡμέρας)
ἡμέραςdayGenitiveobject of ἀπό (time)ἡμέρα: 'day'; ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας = 'from the day when' — dating their fruitfulness to conversion.
ἠκούσατεyou heardAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; the initial hearing of the gospel.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπέγνωτεyou came to knowAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἐπιγινώσκωmain verb→ ingressive aoristἐπιγινώσκω: 'know fully, recognize' (ἐπί-intensive of γινώσκω); a full, decisive knowledge — a key Colossians term against the 'knowledge' of the errorists.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
χάρινgraceAccusativedirect objectχάρις: 'grace'; God's saving favor — the content of what they came to know.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner)
ἀληθείᾳtruthDativedat. of manner ('truly')ἀλήθεια: 'truth'; they knew the grace 'in truth' — genuinely, not in the counterfeit of the false teaching.
7

καθὼς ἐμάθετε ἀπὸ Ἐπαφρᾶ τοῦ ἀγαπητοῦ συνδούλου ἡμῶν, ὅς ἐστιν πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ,

just as you learned it from Epaphras, our beloved fellow servant, who is a faithful minister of Christ on your behalf,

Human source: EpaphrasκαθὼςThe gospel reached them through Epaphras, commended as Paul's beloved fellow-slave and a faithful minister — validating his teaching against rivals.
καθὼςjust ascomparative conjunction
ἐμάθετεyou learnedAor Act Indic 2 Pl · μανθάνωmain verb→ constative aoristμανθάνω: 'learn'; the gospel was taught, received as instruction — legitimating Epaphras's doctrine.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (source)
ἘπαφρᾶEpaphrasGenitiveobject of ἀπό (source/teacher)Ἐπαφρᾶς: a Colossian (cf. 4:12), evangelist of the Lycus valley, here Paul's representative.
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἀγαπητοῦbelovedGenitiveattributive adjectiveἀγαπητός: 'beloved'; a term of warm endorsement.
συνδούλουfellow servantGenitiveapposition to Ἐπαφρᾶσύνδουλος: 'fellow slave' (σύν + δοῦλος); Epaphras shares Paul's bondservice to Christ.
ἡμῶνourGenitivegenitive of relationship
ὅςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
πιστὸςfaithfulNominativeattributive adj. (predicate)πιστός: 'faithful, trustworthy'; the quality vouching for his ministry.
ὑπὲρon behalf ofpreposition + genitive (advantage)
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
διάκονοςminister/servantNominativepredicate nominativeδιάκονος: 'servant, minister'; one who serves — here Christ's servant for the Colossians' benefit.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ΧριστοῦChristGenitivegenitive of subordination
8

ὁ καὶ δηλώσας ἡμῖν τὴν ὑμῶν ἀγάπην ἐν πνεύματι.

who also made clear to us your love in the Spirit.

Report of love in the SpiritasyndetonEpaphras is also the one who reported their Spirit-wrought love back to Paul — closing the thanksgiving's frame (cf. v.4).
whoNominativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
δηλώσαςhaving made clearAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · δηλόωsubstantival participle→ constative aoristδηλόω: 'make clear, reveal, report' (cf. δῆλος, 'clear'); Epaphras informed Paul of their state.
ἡμῖνto usDativeindirect object
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ὑμῶνyourGenitivegenitive of possession (in attributive position)
ἀγάπηνloveAccusativedirect objectἀγάπη: 'love'; the love of v.4, now traced to its origin in the Spirit.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/agency)
πνεύματιthe SpiritDativedat. of sphere/means (Spirit-wrought)πνεῦμα: 'Spirit'; the only explicit mention of the Holy Spirit in Colossians — their love is Spirit-produced.
9

Διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἡμεῖς, ἀφ' ἧς ἡμέρας ἠκούσαμεν, οὐ παυόμεθα ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν προσευχόμενοι καὶ αἰτούμενοι ἵνα πληρωθῆτε τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ καὶ συνέσει πνευματικῇ,

For this reason we also, from the day we heard, do not cease praying for you and asking that you may be filled with the knowledge of his will in all wisdom and spiritual understanding,

Intercessory prayerΔιὰ τοῦτοOn the basis of that report, Paul turns from thanksgiving to petition: an unceasing prayer that they be filled with the full knowledge of God's will.
Διὰforpreposition + accusative (cause)
τοῦτοthisAccusativeobject of διά (resumptive)
καὶalsoadverbial (correlative w/ thanksgiving)
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
ἀφ'frompreposition + genitive (temporal source)
ἧςwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (w/ ἡμέρας)
ἡμέραςdayGenitiveobject of ἀπό (time)ἡμέρα: 'day'; dating the prayer to the day Paul heard the report (cf. v.6).
ἠκούσαμενwe heardAor Act Indic 1 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aorist
οὐnotnegative particle
παυόμεθαwe ceasePres Mid Indic 1 Pl · παύωmain verb→ customary presentπαύω (mid.): 'cease, stop'; 'we do not stop' = a litotes for constant prayer.
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (advantage)
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
προσευχόμενοιprayingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · προσεύχομαιcomplementary participle (w/ παυόμεθα)→ present (ongoing)προσεύχομαι: 'pray'; the general activity that does not cease.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αἰτούμενοιaskingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · αἰτέωcomplementary participle→ present (ongoing)αἰτέω (mid.): 'ask, request'; the specific petition within the praying.
ἵναthatconjunction (content of the petition)
πληρωθῆτεyou may be filledAor Pass Subj 2 Pl · πληρόωsubjunctive (ἵνα clause)→ constative aoristπληρόω: 'fill, fulfill'; the passive — God fills them; 'fullness' is a Colossians keyword (cf. v.19; 2:9–10).
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐπίγνωσινknowledgeAccusativeaccusative of content (filled with)ἐπίγνωσις: 'full knowledge, recognition' (ἐπί-intensive); the true knowledge, over against the errorists' claims.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
θελήματοςwillGenitiveobjective genitive (knowledge of his will)θέλημα: 'will'; the content of the knowledge to fill them is God's will.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
ἐνinpreposition + dative (manner/means)
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
σοφίᾳwisdomDativedat. of means/mannerσοφία: 'wisdom'; practical, God-given insight — paired with σύνεσις (cf. LXX wisdom language).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
συνέσειunderstandingDativedat. of means/mannerσύνεσις: 'understanding, insight' (lit. 'a bringing together'); discernment that applies wisdom.
πνευματικῇspiritualDativeattributive adjectiveπνευματικός: 'spiritual'; Spirit-given understanding, not merely human cleverness.
10

περιπατῆσαι ἀξίως τοῦ κυρίου εἰς πᾶσαν ἀρεσκείαν, ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ καρποφοροῦντες καὶ αὐξανόμενοι τῇ ἐπιγνώσει τοῦ θεοῦ,

so as to walk worthily of the Lord, fully pleasing him, bearing fruit in every good work and growing in the knowledge of God,

Purpose: a worthy walkasyndetonThe aim of the knowledge: conduct worthy of the Lord — fruitful in every good work and ever-growing in the knowledge of God.
περιπατῆσαιto walkAor Act Inf · περιπατέωinfinitive of purpose/result→ constative aoristπεριπατέω: 'walk about,' a Hebraic metaphor for the conduct of life; the goal of the filling.
ἀξίωςworthilyadverb (manner)ἀξίως: 'worthily, suitably'; in a manner matching the Lord's worth.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
κυρίουLordGenitivegenitive (standard of the adverb ἀξίως)κύριος: 'Lord'; the measure of the worthy walk is the Lord himself.
εἰςuntopreposition + accusative (goal/aim)
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective
ἀρεσκείανpleasingAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ἀρεσκεία: 'desire to please, pleasing'; here in the good sense — fully pleasing the Lord.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
παντὶeveryDativeattributive adjective
ἔργῳworkDativedat. of sphere
ἀγαθῷgoodDativeattributive adjectiveἀγαθός: 'good'; the sphere of fruit-bearing is every good work.
καρποφοροῦντεςbearing fruitPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · καρποφορέωadverbial ptc. (manner; loose concord w/ implied subj.)→ present (ongoing)καρποφορέω: 'bear fruit'; the active here (vs. middle in v.6) — believers producing the fruit.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐξανόμενοιgrowingPres Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · αὐξάνωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (ongoing)αὐξάνω: 'grow'; paired again with fruit-bearing (cf. v.6) — now of the believers' own increase.
τῇin theDativearticle
ἐπιγνώσειknowledgeDativedat. of reference/means (growing in/by knowledge)ἐπίγνωσις: 'full knowledge'; the sphere or means of growth — knowledge of God, an ever-deepening aim.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitiveobjective genitive
11

ἐν πάσῃ δυνάμει δυναμούμενοι κατὰ τὸ κράτος τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ εἰς πᾶσαν ὑπομονὴν καὶ μακροθυμίαν μετὰ χαρᾶς,

being strengthened with all power according to the might of his glory, for all endurance and patience with joy,

Empowerment for enduranceasyndetonA further dimension of the worthy walk: divine empowerment, measured by God's glorious might, producing joyful endurance and patience.
ἐνwithpreposition + dative (means/manner)
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
δυνάμειpowerDativedat. of meansδύναμις: 'power, ability'; the strength with which they are equipped.
δυναμούμενοιbeing strengthenedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · δυναμόωadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (ongoing)δυναμόω: 'make strong, empower' (cognate w/ δύναμις); the passive — God supplies the power.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/measure)
τὸtheAccusativearticle
κράτοςmightAccusativeobject of κατά (measure)κράτος: 'might, dominion, strength'; the manifest power of God as the measuring standard.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
δόξηςgloryGenitiveattributive/source genitiveδόξα: 'glory'; the radiant majesty of God from which the might flows.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (goal)
πᾶσανallAccusativeattributive adjective
ὑπομονὴνenduranceAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)ὑπομονή: 'endurance, steadfastness' (lit. 'remaining under'); perseverance under hardship/circumstances.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μακροθυμίανpatienceAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)μακροθυμία: 'longsuffering, patience' (lit. 'long-tempered'); forbearance toward people.
μετὰwithpreposition + genitive (accompaniment)
χαρᾶςjoyGenitiveobject of μετά (accompaniment)χαρά: 'joy'; endurance and patience are to be joyful — joy may belong with what follows (v.12, 'giving thanks').
12

εὐχαριστοῦντες τῷ πατρὶ τῷ ἱκανώσαντι ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν μερίδα τοῦ κλήρου τῶν ἁγίων ἐν τῷ φωτί·

giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you for the share of the inheritance of the saints in the light,

Thanksgiving to the FatherasyndetonThe prayer climaxes in thanksgiving to the Father — who has made them fit to share the saints' inheritance in light; the first of three redemptive acts.
εὐχαριστοῦντεςgiving thanksPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · εὐχαριστέωadverbial ptc. (manner/attendant)→ present (ongoing)εὐχαριστέω: 'give thanks'; the worthy walk overflows in continual thanksgiving.
τῷto theDativearticle
πατρὶFatherDativeindirect objectπατήρ: 'Father'; the one to whom thanks is rendered, and the agent of the next clauses.
τῷthe (one)Dativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἱκανώσαντιwho qualifiedAor Act Ptc · Dat Sg Masc · ἱκανόωattributive participle→ constative aoristἱκανόω: 'make sufficient, qualify, fit' (cf. ἱκανός, 'adequate'); God renders the unfit fit for the inheritance.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of ἱκανώσαντι
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
μερίδαshare/portionAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)μερίς: 'part, share, portion'; one's allotted portion — inheritance language from Israel's land allotment.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
κλήρουinheritance/lotGenitivegenitive of apposition/wholeκλῆρος: 'lot, allotment, inheritance'; the inherited portion (cf. the tribal lots of Canaan), now the saints' heritage.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἁγίωνsaintsGenitivepossessive/partitive genitiveἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; the inheritance belongs to the holy people — possibly including the angelic 'holy ones in light.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῷtheDativearticle
φωτίlightDativedat. of sphereφῶς: 'light'; the realm of the inheritance — set in antithesis to the 'authority of darkness' (v.13).
13

ὃς ἐρρύσατο ἡμᾶς ἐκ τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ σκότους καὶ μετέστησεν εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ υἱοῦ τῆς ἀγάπης αὐτοῦ,

who rescued us from the authority of darkness and transferred us into the kingdom of the Son of his love,

Rescue and transferὃςThe Father's second and third acts: a decisive rescue from darkness' domain and a transfer into the kingdom of his beloved Son — an exodus motif.
ὃςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject; antecedent = Father)
ἐρρύσατοrescuedAor Mid Indic 3 Sg · ῥύομαιmain verb→ constative aoristῥύομαι: 'rescue, deliver, draw to oneself'; a forceful deliverance from peril.
ἡμᾶςusAccusativedirect object
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ἐξουσίαςauthority/domainGenitiveobject of ἐκ (separation)ἐξουσία: 'authority, domain, jurisdiction'; the tyrannical sphere of power from which they were freed.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
σκότουςdarknessGenitiveattributive/possessive genitiveσκότος: 'darkness'; the realm of evil and ignorance, opposite the 'light' of v.12.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μετέστησενtransferredAor Act Indic 3 Sg · μεθίστημιmain verb→ constative aoristμεθίστημι: 'remove, transfer, relocate' (μετά + ἵστημι); used of deporting/resettling populations — a wholesale relocation.
εἰςintopreposition + accusative (goal)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
βασιλείανkingdomAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal)βασιλεία: 'kingdom, reign'; the new realm of the Son's rule into which they are moved.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
υἱοῦSonGenitivegenitive of possession (the Son's kingdom)υἱός: 'Son'; the kingdom is the Son's — a transition into the Christ-hymn that follows.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
ἀγάπηςloveGenitiveattributive (Semitic) genitive of qualityἀγάπη: 'love'; 'the Son of his love' = his beloved Son (a Hebraic genitive of quality).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
14

ἐν ᾧ ἔχομεν τὴν ἀπολύτρωσιν, τὴν ἄφεσιν τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν·

in whom we have the redemption, the forgiveness of sins;

Redemption in the Sonἐν ᾧA relative clause anchoring all the foregoing in the Son: in him is redemption, defined as the forgiveness of sins — and the springboard into the hymn.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/union)
whomDativerelative pronoun (antecedent = the Son)
ἔχομενwe havePres Act Indic 1 Pl · ἔχωmain verb→ stative presentἔχω: 'have, possess'; the present possession of redemption, already a reality in the Son.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἀπολύτρωσινredemptionAccusativedirect objectἀπολύτρωσις: 'release on payment of ransom, redemption' (cf. λύτρον); deliverance secured at cost.
τὴνtheAccusativearticle (apposition)
ἄφεσινforgivenessAccusativeaccusative in apposition to ἀπολύτρωσινἄφεσις: 'release, pardon, forgiveness' (cf. ἀφίημι, 'send away'); the redemption defined as the remission of sins.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
ἁμαρτιῶνsinsGenitiveobjective genitiveἁμαρτία: 'sin' (lit. 'missing the mark'); the debt cancelled in the forgiveness.
15

ὅς ἐστιν εἰκὼν τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ἀοράτου, πρωτότοκος πάσης κτίσεως,

who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation,

Christ-hymn I: image and firstbornὅςThe hymn's first strophe opens: the Son is the visible image of the invisible God and 'firstborn' — supreme over, not part of, all creation.
ὅςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject; antecedent = the Son)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ gnomic presentthe timeless present of the hymn — stating who the Son eternally is.
εἰκὼνimageNominativepredicate nominativeεἰκών: 'image, likeness, representation'; not a copy but the visible manifestation of God's very being (cf. Gen 1:26; Wisdom 7:26).
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitiveobjective/possessive genitive
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
ἀοράτουinvisibleGenitiveattributive adjectiveἀόρατος: 'unseen, invisible' (ἀ-privative + ὁράω); the Son makes visible the God no one can see.
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornNominativepredicate nominativeπρωτότοκος: 'firstborn' (πρῶτος + τίκτω); not 'first-created' but the heir with priority and supremacy (cf. Ps 89:27, of the Davidic king).
πάσηςof allGenitiveattributive adjective
κτίσεωςcreationGenitivegenitive of subordination (firstborn over creation)κτίσις: 'creation, that which is created'; the genitive is comparative/subordinating — supremacy over all created things, the ground given in v.16.
16

ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς καὶ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, τὰ ὁρατὰ καὶ τὰ ἀόρατα, εἴτε θρόνοι εἴτε κυριότητες εἴτε ἀρχαὶ εἴτε ἐξουσίαι· τὰ πάντα δι' αὐτοῦ καὶ εἰς αὐτὸν ἔκτισται·

because in him all things were created, in the heavens and on the earth, the visible and the invisible — whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities — all things have been created through him and for him.

Ground: agent and goal of creationὅτιThe ground of his supremacy: all things were created in, through, and for him — including every cosmic power; he is creation's sphere, agent, and goal.
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/incorporative)
αὐτῷhimDativedat. of sphere (the locus of creation)all creation took place 'in him' — within the sphere of the Son.
ἐκτίσθηwere createdAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · κτίζωmain verb (neut. pl. subj.)→ constative aoristκτίζω: 'create, found'; the aorist views the creative act as a completed whole (the divine passive).
τὰtheNominativearticle
πάνταall thingsNominativesubjectπᾶς: 'all'; τὰ πάντα = the totality — the universe in its entirety.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativedat. of place
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπί (place)γῆ: 'earth, land'; with 'heavens,' a merism for the whole created order.
τὰtheNominativearticle
ὁρατὰvisible thingsNominativesubstantival adj. (apposition to τὰ πάντα)ὁρατός: 'visible'; the seen realm.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle
ἀόραταinvisible thingsNominativesubstantival adj. (apposition)ἀόρατος: 'invisible'; the unseen realm — including the powers now enumerated.
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction
θρόνοιthronesNominativeapposition (specifying τὰ ἀόρατα)θρόνος: 'throne'; a class of angelic/cosmic powers named by their insignia of rule.
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
κυριότητεςdominionsNominativeappositionκυριότης: 'lordship, dominion'; a rank of spiritual powers (cf. Eph 1:21).
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
ἀρχαὶrulersNominativeappositionἀρχή: 'rule, ruler, principality'; angelic/cosmic authorities — likely venerated by the false teachers, here subordinated to Christ.
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
ἐξουσίαιauthoritiesNominativeappositionἐξουσία: 'authority, power'; another order of the powers — all of them created beings under the Son.
τὰtheNominativearticle
πάνταall thingsNominativesubject (resumptive)
δι'throughpreposition + genitive (agency)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of διά (intermediate agent)the Son as the agent through whom all was created.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (goal/purpose)
αὐτὸνhimAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal of creation)the Son as the goal toward which all creation is directed — its telos.
ἔκτισταιhave been createdPerf Pass Indic 3 Sg · κτίζωmain verb→ intensive perfectκτίζω (perf.): the shift from aorist to perfect stresses the abiding result — creation stands permanently constituted in relation to him.
17

καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν πρὸ πάντων καὶ τὰ πάντα ἐν αὐτῷ συνέστηκεν,

and he himself is before all things, and in him all things hold together,

Pre-existence and cohesionκαὶTwo summary claims close the first strophe: the Son's priority over all things, and his role as the cohesive principle in whom the universe coheres.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτόςhe himselfNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)the intensive pronoun foregrounds the Son's person — 'he, and no other.'
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb→ gnomic presentthe present with πρό connotes timeless pre-existence — 'he is before all.'
πρὸbeforepreposition + genitive (priority: time/rank)
πάντωνall thingsGenitiveobject of πρόπᾶς: 'all'; priority both temporal (pre-existent) and in rank (supreme).
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
τὰtheNominativearticle
πάνταall thingsNominativesubject
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/means)
αὐτῷhimDativedat. of sphere/means
συνέστηκενhold togetherPerf Act Indic 3 Sg · συνίστημιmain verb→ intensive perfectσυνίστημι: 'hold together, cohere, consist' (σύν + ἵστημι); the perfect — the universe has been and remains held in coherence in him.
18

καὶ αὐτός ἐστιν ἡ κεφαλὴ τοῦ σώματος, τῆς ἐκκλησίας· ὅς ἐστιν ἀρχή, πρωτότοκος ἐκ τῶν νεκρῶν, ἵνα γένηται ἐν πᾶσιν αὐτὸς πρωτεύων,

And he himself is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead, so that in everything he might be preeminent,

Christ-hymn II: head and firstborn from the deadκαὶThe second strophe turns to redemption: the Son is head of the church-body and, as firstborn from the dead, the new-creation pioneer — that he might be first in all.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
αὐτόςhe himselfNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)the intensive pronoun again foregrounds the Son, now turning from cosmos to church.
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ gnomic present
theNominativearticle
κεφαλὴheadNominativepredicate nominativeκεφαλή: 'head'; both source/origin and ruling authority over the body.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
σώματοςbodyGenitivegenitive of subordination (head over the body)σῶμα: 'body'; the church as the organic body of which Christ is head — a distinctively Colossians/Ephesians image.
τῆςtheGenitivearticle (apposition)
ἐκκλησίαςchurchGenitivegenitive in apposition to τοῦ σώματοςἐκκλησία: 'assembly, church' (lit. 'called-out ones'); here the universal church, identified as the body.
ὅςwhoNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ gnomic present
ἀρχήbeginningNominativepredicate nominativeἀρχή: 'beginning, origin, first place'; the source and ruler of the new creation (cf. Rev 3:14).
πρωτότοκοςfirstbornNominativepredicate nom. (apposition to ἀρχή)πρωτότοκος: 'firstborn'; in the first strophe over creation (v.15), here over the new creation — the resurrection.
ἐκfrompreposition + genitive (separation/source)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
νεκρῶνdeadGenitiveobject of ἐκ (separation)νεκρός: 'dead (one)'; 'firstborn from among the dead' — the first to rise to never die again, head of a new humanity.
ἵναso thatconjunction (purpose)
γένηταιhe might be/becomeAor Mid Subj 3 Sg · γίνομαιsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become, come to be'; the purpose of both his cosmic and redemptive priority.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (reference)
πᾶσινeverything/allDativedat. of reference (in all things)πᾶς: 'all'; the comprehensive scope — in every realm, cosmic and ecclesial.
αὐτὸςhe himselfNominativesubject (emphatic, w/ ptc.)
πρωτεύωνbeing preeminentPres Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · πρωτεύωpredicate participle (w/ γένηται)→ present (ongoing)πρωτεύω: 'be first, hold first place' (cf. πρῶτος); the verb gathers up the πρωτότοκος claims — first place in all.
19

ὅτι ἐν αὐτῷ εὐδόκησεν πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα κατοικῆσαι

because in him all the fullness was pleased to dwell,

Ground: the indwelling fullnessὅτιThe ground of the Son's preeminence: God in his fullness was pleased to take up permanent residence in him — answering the errorists' diffusion of divine 'fullness.'
ὅτιbecausecausal conjunction
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place/sphere)
αὐτῷhimDativedat. of sphere (locus of indwelling)
εὐδόκησενwas pleasedAor Act Indic 3 Sg · εὐδοκέωmain verb→ constative aoristεὐδοκέω: 'be well pleased, choose gladly'; the subject is best taken as God (or 'the fullness' as a circumlocution for God) — a sovereign, gracious decision.
πᾶνallNominativeattributive adjective
τὸtheNominativearticle
πλήρωμαfullnessNominativesubject (of κατοικῆσαι; or accusative of respect)πλήρωμα: 'fullness, completeness'; the total plenitude of deity (cf. 2:9, 'all the fullness of the Godhead bodily') — a term the false teachers may have used of intermediary powers.
κατοικῆσαιto dwellAor Act Inf · κατοικέωcomplementary infinitive (w/ εὐδόκησεν)→ constative aoristκατοικέω: 'settle down, dwell permanently' (κατά-intensive of οἰκέω); not a passing visit but a permanent indwelling.
20

καὶ δι' αὐτοῦ ἀποκαταλλάξαι τὰ πάντα εἰς αὐτόν, εἰρηνοποιήσας διὰ τοῦ αἵματος τοῦ σταυροῦ αὐτοῦ, [δι' αὐτοῦ] εἴτε τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς εἴτε τὰ ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς.

and through him to reconcile all things to himself, having made peace through the blood of his cross — through him, whether the things on earth or the things in the heavens.

Cosmic reconciliation by the crossκαὶThe second purpose of the indwelling fullness: through the Son to reconcile all things, peace made by the blood of the cross — a universe-wide pacification.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
δι'throughpreposition + genitive (agency)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of διά (agent)
ἀποκαταλλάξαιto reconcileAor Act Inf · ἀποκαταλλάσσωcomplementary infinitive (parallel to κατοικῆσαι)→ constative aoristἀποκαταλλάσσω: 'reconcile fully, restore' (ἀπό + κατά + ἀλλάσσω); an intensified, perhaps Pauline coinage — to bring back into right relationship.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
πάνταall thingsAccusativedirect objectπᾶς: 'all'; the cosmic scope — the same τὰ πάντα created in him (v.16) now reconciled.
εἰςtopreposition + accusative (goal/direction)
αὐτόνhimselfAccusativeobject of εἰς (goal of reconciliation)the reconciliation is directed to God (or to Christ) as its goal.
εἰρηνοποιήσαςhaving made peaceAor Act Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · εἰρηνοποιέωadverbial ptc. (means)→ constative aoristεἰρηνοποιέω: 'make peace' (εἰρήνη + ποιέω); the means of the reconciliation — peace effected at the cross.
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
αἵματοςbloodGenitiveobject of διά (means)αἷμα: 'blood'; the sacrificial death — the concrete means of peace, grounding cosmic claims in the historic cross.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
σταυροῦcrossGenitiveattributive genitiveσταυρός: 'cross, stake'; 'the blood of his cross' = his sacrificial death by crucifixion.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
δι'throughpreposition + genitive (agency; resumptive)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of διά (resumptive)a resumptive 'through him' (text-critically bracketed) re-emphasizing the Son as sole agent.
εἴτεwhethercorrelative conjunction
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantival)
ἐπὶonpreposition + genitive (place)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
γῆςearthGenitiveobject of ἐπί
εἴτεorcorrelative conjunction
τὰthe thingsAccusativearticle (substantival)
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
οὐρανοῖςheavensDativeobject of ἐνthe merism 'earth … heavens' (cf. v.16) — the reconciliation is as wide as creation itself.
21

καὶ ὑμᾶς ποτε ὄντας ἀπηλλοτριωμένους καὶ ἐχθροὺς τῇ διανοίᾳ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις τοῖς πονηροῖς,

And you, who once were alienated and hostile in mind, in your evil deeds,

Their former alienationκαὶThe cosmic reconciliation is brought home to the readers: a vivid sketch of their pre-Christian state — estranged, hostile in mind, evil in deed.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction (transition to application)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object (anticipating v.22 verb)the emphatic fronted 'you' personalizes the cosmic reconciliation.
ποτεonceadverb (former time)ποτέ: 'formerly, once'; the 'once … but now' (v.22) pattern of conversion.
ὄνταςbeingPres Act Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · εἰμίadverbial/attributive participle (concessive)→ stative presentthe participle describes their continuing former condition.
ἀπηλλοτριωμένουςalienatedPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Pl Masc · ἀπαλλοτριόωpredicate participle (state)→ intensive perfectἀπαλλοτριόω: 'alienate, estrange, make a stranger' (cf. ἀλλότριος, 'belonging to another'); the perfect — a settled estrangement from God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἐχθροὺςenemies/hostileAccusativepredicate accusative (state)ἐχθρός: 'hostile, enemy'; active enmity, not mere distance.
τῇin theDativearticle
διανοίᾳmindDativedat. of reference/sphere (hostile in mind)διάνοια: 'mind, understanding, disposition'; the seat of the hostility — the alienation was inward and deliberate.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/cause)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἔργοιςdeeds/worksDativedat. of sphere (manifestation)ἔργον: 'work, deed'; the hostility expressed itself in conduct.
τοῖςtheDativearticle
πονηροῖςevilDativeattributive adjectiveπονηρός: 'evil, wicked, harmful'; the moral character of the former life.
22

νυνὶ δὲ ἀποκατήλλαξεν ἐν τῷ σώματι τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ διὰ τοῦ θανάτου, παραστῆσαι ὑμᾶς ἁγίους καὶ ἀμώμους καὶ ἀνεγκλήτους κατενώπιον αὐτοῦ,

but now he has reconciled you in the body of his flesh through death, in order to present you holy and blameless and beyond reproach before him,

Now reconciledνυνὶ δὲThe decisive 'but now': God has reconciled them by Christ's bodily death, with the goal of presenting them holy, blameless, and irreproachable before him.
νυνὶnowadverb (present time; emphatic)νυνί: 'now' (strengthened form); the eschatological turn from the former state.
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ἀποκατήλλαξενhe reconciledAor Act Indic 3 Sg · ἀποκαταλλάσσωmain verb→ constative aoristἀποκαταλλάσσω: 'reconcile fully'; the same verb as v.20, now applied personally — God is the subject.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (means/sphere)
τῷtheDativearticle
σώματιbodyDativedat. of means/sphereσῶμα: 'body'; the instrument of reconciliation is Christ's physical body — a stress on his true humanity (vs. docetic tendencies).
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
σαρκὸςfleshGenitivegenitive of apposition/materialσάρξ: 'flesh'; 'the body of his flesh' = his real, mortal human body — underscoring a genuine bodily death.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
διὰthroughpreposition + genitive (means)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
θανάτουdeathGenitiveobject of διά (means)θάνατος: 'death'; the means of the reconciliation — Christ's death.
παραστῆσαιto presentAor Act Inf · παρίστημιinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristπαρίστημι: 'present, set beside, bring before' (παρά + ἵστημι); often of presenting a sacrifice or a person before a judge/king — the goal of reconciliation.
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativedirect object of παραστῆσαι
ἁγίουςholyAccusativepredicate accusative (object complement)ἅγιος: 'holy, consecrated'; positively, set apart for God.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀμώμουςblamelessAccusativepredicate accusativeἄμωμος: 'without blemish' (ἀ-privative + μῶμος); sacrificial language — unblemished, fit to offer.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνεγκλήτουςbeyond reproachAccusativepredicate accusativeἀνέγκλητος: 'unaccusable, blameless' (ἀ-privative + ἐγκαλέω, 'bring a charge'); a forensic term — no charge can stand.
κατενώπιονbeforepreposition + genitive (place)
αὐτοῦhimGenitiveobject of κατενώπιονthe presentation is 'before him' — coram Deo, in God's (or Christ's) own presence.
23

εἴ γε ἐπιμένετε τῇ πίστει τεθεμελιωμένοι καὶ ἑδραῖοι καὶ μὴ μετακινούμενοι ἀπὸ τῆς ἐλπίδος τοῦ εὐαγγελίου οὗ ἠκούσατε, τοῦ κηρυχθέντος ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει τῇ ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν, οὗ ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ Παῦλος διάκονος.

if indeed you continue in the faith, founded and firm and not shifting from the hope of the gospel that you heard, which was proclaimed in all creation under heaven, of which I, Paul, became a minister.

Condition: perseveranceεἴ γεThe reconciliation's presentation is conditioned on perseverance: remaining founded and unmoved in the gospel-hope — the same gospel preached worldwide, which Paul serves.
εἴifconjunction (conditional)
γεindeedemphatic particleγε: an intensifying particle; εἴ γε = 'if indeed, provided that' — assuming the condition will hold, yet a real summons.
ἐπιμένετεyou continuePres Act Indic 2 Pl · ἐπιμένωmain verb (protasis)→ customary presentἐπιμένω: 'remain, persist, continue in' (ἐπί + μένω); steadfast continuance, not mere beginning.
τῇin theDativearticle
πίστειfaithDativedat. of reference/sphere (continue in the faith)πίστις: 'faith'; here the sphere of perseverance — possibly 'the faith' as the body of belief.
τεθεμελιωμένοιfoundedPerf Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · θεμελιόωpredicate participle (state)→ intensive perfectθεμελιόω: 'lay a foundation, ground firmly' (cf. θεμέλιος); the perfect — a settled, established foundation.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἑδραῖοιfirmNominativepredicate adjective (state)ἑδραῖος: 'seated, steadfast, stable' (cf. ἕδρα, 'seat'); immovably settled.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
μὴnotnegative particle (w/ ptc.)
μετακινούμενοιbeing shiftedPres Pass Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · μετακινέωpredicate participle (state)→ present (ongoing)μετακινέω: 'move away, shift, dislodge' (μετά + κινέω); not being budged from their hope.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation)
τῆςtheGenitivearticle
ἐλπίδοςhopeGenitiveobject of ἀπό (separation)ἐλπίς: 'hope'; the hope held out by the gospel (cf. v.5), from which they must not drift.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
εὐαγγελίουgospelGenitivegenitive of source (hope from the gospel)εὐαγγέλιον: 'gospel'; the source and content of the hope.
οὗwhichGenitiverelative pronoun (object of ἠκούσατε)
ἠκούσατεyou heardAor Act Indic 2 Pl · ἀκούωmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristἀκούω: 'hear'; the gospel they actually received (cf. vv.5–6).
τοῦthe (one)Genitivearticle (substantizes ptc.)
κηρυχθέντοςhaving been proclaimedAor Pass Ptc · Gen Sg Neut · κηρύσσωattributive participle→ constative aoristκηρύσσω: 'proclaim, herald'; the gospel publicly announced — the divine passive.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place)
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
κτίσειcreationDativedat. of place (sphere of proclamation)κτίσις: 'creation, created thing'; 'in all creation' — a hyperbolic universality matching the gospel's worldwide reach (v.6).
τῇtheDativearticle (substantizes prep. phrase)
ὑπὸunderpreposition + accusative (place)
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
οὐρανόνheavenAccusativeobject of ὑπόοὐρανός: 'heaven, sky'; 'under heaven' = throughout the whole inhabited world.
οὗof whichGenitiverelative pronoun (gen. w/ διάκονος)
ἐγενόμηνI becameAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb (rel. clause)→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; Paul became a servant of this gospel — transition into the ministry section.
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
ΠαῦλοςPaulNominativeapposition to ἐγώΠαῦλος: the apostle names himself, personalizing his servant-role.
διάκονοςminister/servantNominativepredicate nominativeδιάκονος: 'servant, minister'; Paul as the gospel's servant — the keyword of the next paragraph.
24

Νῦν χαίρω ἐν τοῖς παθήμασιν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀνταναπληρῶ τὰ ὑστερήματα τῶν θλίψεων τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἐν τῇ σαρκί μου ὑπὲρ τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ, ὅ ἐστιν ἡ ἐκκλησία,

Now I rejoice in my sufferings for you, and in my flesh I fill up what is lacking of Christ's afflictions for the sake of his body, which is the church,

Paul's joyful sufferingsΝῦνPaul's ministry section opens with paradox: he rejoices in sufferings for them, filling up in his flesh what remains of Christ's afflictions on behalf of the church.
Νῦνnowadverb (present time)νῦν: 'now'; Paul's present circumstance of imprisonment/suffering.
χαίρωI rejoicePres Act Indic 1 Sg · χαίρωmain verb→ customary presentχαίρω: 'rejoice, be glad'; joy amid affliction — a Pauline paradox.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/cause)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
παθήμασινsufferingsDativedat. of sphere/causeπάθημα: 'suffering, affliction'; what Paul endures in his ministry.
ὑπὲρforpreposition + genitive (advantage)
ὑμῶνyouGenitiveobject of ὑπέρ
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀνταναπληρῶI fill upPres Act Indic 1 Sg · ἀνταναπληρόωmain verb→ present (ongoing)ἀνταναπληρόω: 'fill up in turn / on one's part' (ἀντί + ἀνά + πληρόω); Paul completes, in his own person, the quota of messianic afflictions yet to be borne by Christ's body — not adding to the atonement.
τὰtheAccusativearticle
ὑστερήματαwhat is lackingAccusativedirect objectὑστέρημα: 'deficiency, what is lacking' (cf. ὑστερέω); the remaining measure of affliction.
τῶνof theGenitivearticle
θλίψεωνafflictionsGenitiveobjective/possessive genitiveθλῖψις: 'pressure, tribulation, affliction'; 'the afflictions of Christ' — the sufferings of the messianic age borne by his people.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
ΧριστοῦChristGenitivepossessive genitive
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere)
τῇtheDativearticle
σαρκίfleshDativedat. of sphere (locus of the suffering)σάρξ: 'flesh'; Paul's own physical body, where the afflictions are borne.
μουmyGenitivegenitive of possession
ὑπὲρfor the sake ofpreposition + genitive (advantage)
τοῦtheGenitivearticle
σώματοςbodyGenitiveobject of ὑπέρσῶμα: 'body'; the beneficiary of Paul's sufferings — the church as Christ's body (cf. v.18).
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
whichNominativerelative pronoun (subject)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
theNominativearticle
ἐκκλησίαchurchNominativepredicate nominativeἐκκλησία: 'church'; the body explicitly identified — confirming v.18.
25

ἧς ἐγενόμην ἐγὼ διάκονος κατὰ τὴν οἰκονομίαν τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν δοθεῖσάν μοι εἰς ὑμᾶς πληρῶσαι τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ,

of which I became a minister according to the stewardship of God that was given to me for you, to fulfill the word of God,

Paul's commissionἧςPaul's servanthood is defined: a stewardship from God given for their benefit, with the commission to bring God's word to its full proclamation.
ἧςof whichGenitiverelative pronoun (gen. w/ διάκονος; antecedent = church)
ἐγενόμηνI becameAor Mid Indic 1 Sg · γίνομαιmain verb→ constative aoristγίνομαι: 'become'; Paul a servant of the church (as of the gospel, v.23).
ἐγὼINominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
διάκονοςminister/servantNominativepredicate nominativeδιάκονος: 'servant, minister'; Paul's defining role, now toward the church.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/norm)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
οἰκονομίανstewardshipAccusativeobject of κατά (norm)οἰκονομία: 'management of a household, administration, stewardship' (οἶκος + νόμος); the commission entrusted to Paul as God's steward.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source
τὴνthe (one)Accusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
δοθεῖσάνthat was givenAor Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · δίδωμιattributive participle→ constative aoristδίδωμι: 'give'; the stewardship was granted (divine passive) — not seized.
μοιto meDativeindirect object
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (advantage/goal)
ὑμᾶςyouAccusativeobject of εἰς (beneficiaries)the stewardship was given with the Gentile readers in view.
πληρῶσαιto fulfillAor Act Inf · πληρόωinfinitive of purpose→ constative aoristπληρόω: 'fill, fulfill, complete'; to bring God's word to its full proclamation / completion (cf. Rom 15:19).
τὸνtheAccusativearticle
λόγονwordAccusativedirect object of πληρῶσαιλόγος: 'word, message'; the word of God Paul is to declare fully.
τοῦofGenitivearticle
θεοῦGodGenitivegenitive of source/possession
26

τὸ μυστήριον τὸ ἀποκεκρυμμένον ἀπὸ τῶν αἰώνων καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν γενεῶν — νῦν δὲ ἐφανερώθη τοῖς ἁγίοις αὐτοῦ,

the mystery hidden from the ages and from the generations — but now it has been revealed to his saints,

The mystery now revealedasyndetonThe word of God is defined as the mystery: long hidden through ages and generations, but now disclosed to God's holy people.
τὸtheAccusativearticle (apposition to τὸν λόγον)
μυστήριονmysteryAccusativeaccusative in apposition to τὸν λόγονμυστήριον: 'mystery, secret'; not an esoteric riddle but God's saving plan, once concealed, now openly disclosed.
τὸthe (one)Accusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἀποκεκρυμμένονhiddenPerf Pass Ptc · Acc Sg Neut · ἀποκρύπτωattributive participle→ intensive perfectἀποκρύπτω: 'hide away, conceal' (ἀπό + κρύπτω); the perfect — a mystery that had remained concealed.
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation/time)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
αἰώνωνagesGenitiveobject of ἀπό (time)αἰών: 'age, epoch'; 'from the ages' — across the long sweep of past time.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
ἀπὸfrompreposition + genitive (separation/time)
τῶνtheGenitivearticle
γενεῶνgenerationsGenitiveobject of ἀπό (time)γενεά: 'generation'; 'from the generations' — hidden from successive human generations.
νῦνnowadverb (present time; emphatic)νῦν: 'now'; the eschatological turn — the once-hidden is now made known.
δὲbutadversative conjunction
ἐφανερώθηit was revealedAor Pass Indic 3 Sg · φανερόωmain verb→ constative aoristφανερόω: 'make manifest, reveal, disclose' (cf. φανερός, 'visible'); the divine passive — God has unveiled it.
τοῖςto theDativearticle
ἁγίοιςsaintsDativeindirect object (recipients of revelation)ἅγιος: 'holy one, saint'; the mystery is revealed not to an elite but to all God's holy people.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of possession
27

οἷς ἠθέλησεν ὁ θεὸς γνωρίσαι τί τὸ πλοῦτος τῆς δόξης τοῦ μυστηρίου τούτου ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὅ ἐστιν Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖν, ἡ ἐλπὶς τῆς δόξης·

to whom God willed to make known what is the wealth of the glory of this mystery among the Gentiles, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory.

Content: Christ in youοἷςThe mystery's glorious riches are unveiled among the Gentiles, and its content named: Christ in you, the hope of glory — the heart of Paul's message.
οἷςto whomDativerelative pronoun (antecedent = saints)
ἠθέλησενwilled/choseAor Act Indic 3 Sg · θέλωmain verb→ constative aoristθέλω: 'will, wish, choose'; God's sovereign decision to disclose the mystery.
theNominativearticle
θεὸςGodNominativesubject
γνωρίσαιto make knownAor Act Inf · γνωρίζωcomplementary infinitive→ constative aoristγνωρίζω: 'make known, reveal' (cf. γινώσκω); to disclose the previously hidden.
τίwhatNominativeinterrogative pronoun (predicate, indir. question)
τὸtheNominativearticle
πλοῦτοςwealthNominativesubject of the indirect questionπλοῦτος: 'wealth, riches'; the abundant richness of the mystery's glory.
τῆςof theGenitivearticle
δόξηςgloryGenitiveattributive/possessive genitiveδόξα: 'glory'; the splendor that the mystery comprises.
τοῦof theGenitivearticle
μυστηρίουmysteryGenitiveobjective/possessive genitiveμυστήριον: 'mystery'; the disclosed secret whose glory is so rich.
τούτουthisGenitivedemonstrative (attributive)
ἐνamongpreposition + dative (sphere)
τοῖςtheDativearticle
ἔθνεσινGentilesDativedat. of sphereἔθνος: 'nation'; the Gentiles — that the mystery embraces them is itself the astonishing 'riches.'
whichNominativerelative pronoun (antecedent = mystery)
ἐστινisPres Act Indic 3 Sg · εἰμίmain verb (copula)→ stative present
ΧριστὸςChristNominativepredicate nominativeΧριστός: the mystery's content is a person — Christ himself, indwelling.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place/sphere)
ὑμῖνyouDativeobject of ἐν'Christ in you' (the Gentiles) — the indwelling Christ, possibly also 'among you'.
theNominativearticle
ἐλπὶςhopeNominativeapposition to Χριστὸς ἐν ὑμῖνἐλπίς: 'hope'; Christ indwelling is himself the pledge and hope of coming glory.
τῆςofGenitivearticle
δόξηςgloryGenitiveobjective genitive (hope of glory)δόξα: 'glory'; the future glory of which the indwelling Christ is the guarantee (cf. v.5).
28

ὃν ἡμεῖς καταγγέλλομεν νουθετοῦντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον καὶ διδάσκοντες πάντα ἄνθρωπον ἐν πάσῃ σοφίᾳ, ἵνα παραστήσωμεν πάντα ἄνθρωπον τέλειον ἐν Χριστῷ·

whom we proclaim, admonishing everyone and teaching everyone in all wisdom, so that we may present everyone mature in Christ;

Proclaiming Christ to allὃνChrist is the object of proclamation: Paul admonishes and teaches everyone with all wisdom, aiming to present every person mature in Christ.
ὃνwhomAccusativerelative pronoun (object of καταγγέλλομεν)
ἡμεῖςweNominativesubject (emphatic pronoun)
καταγγέλλομενwe proclaimPres Act Indic 1 Pl · καταγγέλλωmain verb→ customary presentκαταγγέλλω: 'proclaim, announce' (κατά-intensive); Christ himself is the content of the preaching.
νουθετοῦντεςadmonishingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · νουθετέωadverbial ptc. (means/manner)→ present (ongoing)νουθετέω: 'admonish, warn, instruct' (νοῦς + τίθημι, 'put in mind'); corrective counsel.
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjective
ἄνθρωπονpersonAccusativedirect object of νουθετοῦντεςἄνθρωπος: 'human being, person'; the threefold 'everyone' stresses the universal, undifferentiated scope — against any elite gnosis.
καὶandcoordinating conjunction
διδάσκοντεςteachingPres Act Ptc · Nom Pl Masc · διδάσκωadverbial ptc. (means/manner)→ present (ongoing)διδάσκω: 'teach, instruct'; positive instruction paired with admonition.
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjective
ἄνθρωπονpersonAccusativedirect object of διδάσκοντες
ἐνin/withpreposition + dative (manner/means)
πάσῃallDativeattributive adjective
σοφίᾳwisdomDativedat. of manner/meansσοφία: 'wisdom'; the manner of the teaching — the true wisdom, over against the false 'philosophy' (cf. 2:8).
ἵναso thatconjunction (purpose)
παραστήσωμενwe may presentAor Act Subj 1 Pl · παρίστημιsubjunctive (purpose clause)→ constative aoristπαρίστημι: 'present, bring before'; the same verb as v.22 — the goal of the ministry is a presentation.
πάνταeveryAccusativeattributive adjective
ἄνθρωπονpersonAccusativedirect object of παραστήσωμεν
τέλειονmature/completeAccusativepredicate accusative (object complement)τέλειος: 'complete, mature, perfect' (cf. τέλος, 'end, goal'); spiritual maturity — perhaps countering claims of a higher 'perfection.'
ἐνinpreposition + dative (sphere/union)
ΧριστῷChristDativedat. of spherethe maturity is realized only 'in Christ' — not in the errorists' regimen.
29

εἰς ὃ καὶ κοπιῶ ἀγωνιζόμενος κατὰ τὴν ἐνέργειαν αὐτοῦ τὴν ἐνεργουμένην ἐν ἐμοὶ ἐν δυνάμει.

for which I also toil, striving according to his working that works powerfully in me.

Toil by Christ's powerεἰς ὃThe chapter closes on the energy of the ministry: Paul labors to exhaustion, his striving empowered by Christ's own mighty working within him.
εἰςforpreposition + accusative (goal/purpose)
whichAccusativerelative pronoun (object of εἰς; antecedent = the goal of v.28)
καὶalsoadverbial (ascensive)
κοπιῶI toilPres Act Indic 1 Sg · κοπιάωmain verb→ customary presentκοπιάω: 'work hard, labor to weariness' (cf. κόπος, 'toil, fatigue'); exhausting effort.
ἀγωνιζόμενοςstrivingPres Mid Ptc · Nom Sg Masc · ἀγωνίζομαιadverbial ptc. (manner)→ present (ongoing)ἀγωνίζομαι: 'struggle, contend, strive' (cf. ἀγών, an athletic/military contest); the imagery of strenuous exertion.
κατὰaccording topreposition + accusative (standard/norm)
τὴνtheAccusativearticle
ἐνέργειανworkingAccusativeobject of κατά (norm/measure)ἐνέργεια: 'working, operative power' (cf. 'energy'); effective, active power as the measure of Paul's labor.
αὐτοῦhisGenitivegenitive of source/possessionthe power is Christ's, not Paul's own.
τὴνthe (one)Accusativearticle (substantizes ptc.)
ἐνεργουμένηνthat works/is at workPres Mid Ptc · Acc Sg Fem · ἐνεργέωattributive participle→ present (ongoing)ἐνεργέω: 'be at work, operate effectively' (cognate w/ ἐνέργεια); the divine power actively operating in Paul.
ἐνinpreposition + dative (place/sphere)
ἐμοὶmeDativeobject of ἐν
ἐνin/withpreposition + dative (manner)
δυνάμειpowerDativedat. of manner ('powerfully')δύναμις: 'power, might'; the working operates 'in power' — mightily.