Greek Text · Translation · Interlinear · Discourse Structure

The Epistle to the RomansΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΑΙΟΥΣ

A six-tier Greek reverse-interlinear of all sixteen chapters: each word color-coded by grammatical case, with gloss, parsing, Wallace-style syntax, aspectual semantic force, and a lexical note; each verse opens with the running Greek, an English translation, and a discourse note, under a chapter argument-outline.

432 verses · 7,100 annotated words · sixteen chapters. The Greek follows the standard critical text (NA28 / SBLGNT / THGNT in its main wording); the copyrighted NA28 apparatus is not reproduced.

Companion summary Themes, outlines & translation notes Every chapter's theme and argument outline, the textual notes, and a table of the major exegetical cruxes.
  1. 1 Romans 1 Α′ The gospel as God's saving power, and the revelation of wrath against suppressed truth. 32 verses · 543 words PDF
  2. 2 Romans 2 Β′ God's impartial judgment by works; the privilege of the law does not exempt; circumcision of the heart. 29 verses · 449 words PDF
  3. 3 Romans 3 Γ′ All under sin (Jew and Greek); the law's verdict; God's righteousness now manifested through faith in Christ — propitiation. 31 verses · 428 words PDF
  4. 4 Romans 4 Δ′ Abraham as the proof-case for justification by faith apart from works, expounding Genesis 15:6. 25 verses · 401 words PDF
  5. 5 Romans 5 Ε′ The fruits and security of justification — peace, hope, the love of God — and the Adam/Christ contrast. 21 verses · 432 words PDF
  6. 6 Romans 6 Ϛ′ Dead to sin and alive to God: union with Christ in death and resurrection; the two slaveries. 23 verses · 367 words PDF
  7. 7 Romans 7 Ζ′ Release from the law; the law's relation to sin (holy, yet weaponized by sin); the divided self. 25 verses · 468 words PDF
  8. 8 Romans 8 Η′ Life in the Spirit — from 'no condemnation' to 'nothing can separate us from the love of God.' 39 verses · 653 words PDF
  9. 9 Romans 9 Θ′ God's sovereign election and Israel's unbelief; the potter and the clay; the remnant. 33 verses · 523 words PDF
  10. 10 Romans 10 Ι′ Israel's failure is unbelief, not lost opportunity: the word of faith is near, universal, and was heard. 21 verses · 338 words PDF
  11. 11 Romans 11 ΙΑ′ God has not rejected Israel — the remnant, the olive tree, the mystery of 'all Israel,' and the doxology. 36 verses · 579 words PDF
  12. 12 Romans 12 ΙΒ′ The living sacrifice — the hinge from doctrine to ethics; one body and many gifts; genuine love. 21 verses · 304 words PDF
  13. 13 Romans 13 ΙΓ′ Submission to governing authorities; love as the law's fulfillment; the urgency of the approaching day. 14 verses · 270 words PDF
  14. 14 Romans 14 ΙΔ′ The weak and the strong — mutual acceptance over disputable matters; do not judge or cause to stumble. 23 verses · 379 words PDF
  15. 15 Romans 15 ΙΕ′ Bearing with the weak; Jew/Gentile unity in worship; Paul's priestly ministry and travel plans. 33 verses · 543 words PDF
  16. 16 Romans 16 ΙϚ′ Letter close — Phoebe's commendation, the roll of greetings, a warning against division, the doxology. 26 verses · 423 words PDF